Q1 Summative Test 1

The Ring of Fire, also called the Pacific Ring of Fire, is a long horseshoe-shaped seismically active belt of earthquake epicenters, volcanoes, and tectonic plate boundaries. The belt follows chains of island arcs including the Philippines. How do you think living along the Ring of Fire affects the people along the coast?

• These people must hate their location and thus, choose to live somewhere else.

• These people must be excited that they live in a volcanic zone.

• These people must be happy that they are somewhat far from the volcanic zone.

• These people must be afraid of earthquakes.

The places on Earth where most of the earthquakes originated or some mountains and volcanoes were formed mark the boundaries of each lithospheric plate. Each plate is slowly moving relative to each other, causing geologic events to happen along their boundaries. How will you relate the distributions of mountain ranges, earthquake epicenters, and volcanoes on the Earth’s surface?

• Mountain ranges are found in places between where volcanoes and earthquake epicenters are also situated.

• Mountain ranges are found in places where volcanoes and/or earthquake epicenters are also situated.

• Mountain ranges are found only in places where earthquake epicenters are situated.

• Mountain ranges are found only in places where volcanoes are situated.

Crustal Plate A is moving away from Crustal Plate B. What is the expected average rate of change in position between A and B?

• a few centimeters per year

• a few meters per month

• a few millimeters per century

• a few millimeters per day

According to the plate tectonics model, the entire lithosphere of the Earth is broken into numerous segments called plates. There are seven large plates and a number of smaller ones, including the Philippine Plate. The plate moves very slowly but constantly, and this movement is called tectonics. Based on the given statement, which theory states that pieces of Earth’s crust are in constant, slow motion driven by movement in the mantle?

• Theory of Continental Drift

• Theory of Pangaea

• Theory of Plate Tectonics

• Theory of Plate Boundaries

Majority of the islands in the Philippine archipelago are considered as part of the Philippine Mobile Belt. These islands were formed 65 million years ago at the southern edge of the Philippine Sea Plate and are considered as part of island arcs. There were formation of trenches and active volcanic chain and shallow earthquakes. Some of the known active volcanoes in this chain are Pinatubo in Central Luzon and Taal in Batangas. Why did the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes help confirm plate tectonic theory?

• Both earthquakes and volcanoes were distributed randomly.

• Earthquakes and volcanoes were different along different types of plate boundaries.

• Earthquakes and volcanoes were the same along all types of plate boundaries.

• Neither earthquakes nor volcanoes had been studied much before plate tectonics.

Raphael is a Grade 10 student at Francisco Osorio Integrated Senior High School. He learned about the West Valley Fault also known as the Big One. At school, his teacher discussed the importance of being prepared when a disaster comes. The school often conducts drill and he always make it a point to be able to attend the drill. He followed the necessary precautions needed when an earthquake comes. Why is it important to be aware of places prone to earthquakes and to be prepared for it?

• to identify what crop must be stored

• to identify when to evacuate

• to locate where to stay best

• to perform necessary precautions

Based on the diagram, the lithosphere is the Earth's rocky outer layer and is considered the coolest and the most rigid layer. This layer is composed of the upper mantle and the crust. There are two types of crust on Earth: oceanic crust and continental crust. Continental crust is granite, while the oceanic crust is basalt, a volcanic lava rock. Which of the following statements is correct about oceanic crust and continental crust?

• Continental crust is thicker and denser than oceanic crust.

• Oceanic crust is thicker and denser than the continental crust.

• Oceanic crust is thinner but less dense than the continental crust.

• Continental crust is thicker but less dense than oceanic crust.

Circum-Pacific Belt is another name for the Pacific Ring of Fire. It traces boundaries between several tectonic plates—including the Pacific, Juan de Fuca, Cocos, Indian-Australian, Nazca, North American, and Philippine Plates. Along much of the Ring of Fire, plates collide at convergent boundaries known as subduction zones. The plate beneath is pushed down or subducted by the plate above. Subducted rock melts and turns into magma. There are 15 countries in the Pacific Ring of Fire, and the Philippines is one of these countries. Which of the following statements BEST describes the countries in the Pacific Ring of Fire?

• Water and mountains encircle these countries.

• Landslides and floods are common in these countries.

• These countries are prone to earthquakes and landslides.

• These countries are characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes.

Which of these is false about lithospheric plates?

• have the same thickness everywhere

• thickest in the mountain regions

• include the crust and upper mantle

• vary in thickness

Why did the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes help confirm plate tectonic theory?

• Both earthquakes and volcanoes were distributed randomly.

• Earthquakes and volcanoes were different along different types of plate boundaries.

• Earthquakes and volcanoes were the same along all types of plate boundaries.

• Neither earthquakes nor volcanoes had been studied much before plate tectonics.