Cell Structure and Function

These diagrams demonstrate how cells can differ in:

• size and densities

• modes of locomotion

• means of replication

• cell structures

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NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Which structure and function are common to all plants and some protists and distinguish them from all animals?

• chloroplasts that conduct photosynthesis

• mitochondria that conduct photosynthesis

• chloroplasts that conduct cellular respiration

• mitochondria that conduct cellular respiration

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

Living organisms can be classified as prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Which two structures are common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• cell wall and nucleus

• cell wall and chloroplast

• plasma membrane and nucleus

• plasma membrane and cytoplasm

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Which of the following is true about cells?

• In general, prokaryotic cells do not have a true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, whereas eukaryotic cells contain both a nucleus and organelles enclosed by membranes.

• In general, eukaryotic cells do not have a true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, whereas prokaryotic cells contain both a nucleus and organelles enclosed by membranes.

• Both eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells always contain both a true nucleus that is well-defined and organelles that are separated from the cytoplasm by membranes.

• Neither prokaryotic cells nor eukaryotic cells ever contain both a true nucleus that is well-defined and organelles that are separated from the cytoplasm by membranes.

Within eukaryotic cells, there is an intricate network of ___ with unique functions.

• organelles

• molecules

• tissues

• atoms

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NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Which statement best compares eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?

• Eukaryotic cells are smaller than prokaryotic cells.

• Prokaryotic cells are more complex than eukaryotic cells.

• Prokaryotic cells contain a distinct central organelle, and eukaryotic cells do not.

• Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, and prokaryotic cells do not.

What is the single most abundant compound in living organisms?

• fat

• sugar

• water

• carbon

Lungs and capillaries both have porous linings that allow certain substances to move into or out of the structures. Which function do these porous linings most likely serve in living organisms?

• heat release

• gas exchange

• carbohydrate absorption

• osmotic pressure regulation

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NGSS.HS-LS2-5

What are the basic building blocks of all organisms?

• bones

• organs

• cells

• muscles

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NGSS.MS-LS1-2

NGSS.MS-LS1-1

Alveoli are microscopic air sacs in the lungs of mammals. Which statement best describes how the structure of the alveoli allows the lungs to function properly?

• They increase the amount of energy transferred from the lungs to the blood.

• They increase the flexibility of the lungs as they expand during inhalation.

• They increase the volume of the lungs, allowing more oxygen to be inhaled.

• They increase the surface area of the lungs, allowing efficient gas exchange.