W.21

What was the main purpose of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885?

• To establish rules for European colonization and trade in Africa

• To promote African independence

• To end the slave trade globally

• To discuss European economic issues

Who organized the Berlin Conference?

• Queen Victoria of England

• Napoleon III of France

• Otto von Bismarck, Chancellor of Germany

• King Leopold II of Belgium

Which of the following was NOT a key outcome of the Berlin Conference?

• The principle of "effective occupation"

• Freedom of trade and navigation

• Granting independence to African nations

• Condemnation of the slave trade

What was the "principle of effective occupation"?

• European powers had to prove they could control a territory before claiming it

• African leaders had to approve European occupation

• Occupied territories had to be economically profitable

• European powers had to occupy all of Africa within a decade

How did the Berlin Conference impact African communities?

• It respected existing African kingdoms

• It created artificial borders that divided ethnic groups

• It promoted African unity

• It established democratic governments across Africa

Which two African countries remained independent after the "Scramble for Africa"?

• South Africa and Kenya

• Nigeria and Ghana

• Egypt and Morocco

• Ethiopia and Liberia

What was the British colonial ambition known as "Cape to Cairo"?

• To build a railroad from South Africa to Egypt

• To create a continuous stretch of British territory from South Africa to Egypt

• To establish trade routes between Cape Town and Cairo

How did European powers initially establish their presence in Africa?

• By immediately claiming the entire continent

• Through coastal settlements and trading posts

• By forming alliances with African leaders

• Through massive military invasions

Which European country owned the Congo Free State as a personal property before it became a Belgian colony?

• France

• Germany

• Britain

• Belgium (under King Leopold II)

What was one long-term consequence of the Berlin Conference and European imperialism in Africa?

• Immediate African economic prosperity

• The end of all tribal conflicts

• Lasting impact on African politics, economics, and society

• Rapid industrialization across the continent