Orbits and Stars

Using the image provided answer the questions.

1) According to the timeline, how many years ago did the Sun form?

[NOTE: When it says "mya" that is in "millions of years ago." So 3 mya is 3 million years ago. 100 mya is 100 million years ago. 2000 mya is NOT 2 million. We are now up to 2 BILLION (2,000,000,000). A thousand millions equals a billion]

• 4.6 million

• 4,600

• 4.6 billion

• 14.5 billion

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-1

The two images show spectra from direct observation of a light source and through a gas. Why are the spectra different? What information is being told to us?

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

NGSS.HS-PS4-3

Each second the Sun produces more energy than the entire Earth uses in a day. We also know that water existed on Earth 4 billion years ago. Which type of reaction can we say powers the Sun? Why?

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-1

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How would we use this evidence to determine what the Sun is made of?

• We can compare just the rainbow spectrum colors and see if they match

• We can see if lines of emission match

• We can compare lines of absorption to determine what gases make up the Sun

• Take actual gas samples from the Sun.

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NGSS.HS-PS4-5

Label the parts of a chemical equation

a

b

c

fission

Yields

Product

Reactants

fusion

Since Earth has an elliptical orbit around the Sun, the 

• distance between the Sun and Earth varies 

• distance between the Sun and the other focus varies 

• length of Earth’s major axis varies

• length of Earth’s period of revolution varies

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

Refer to the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram.

Compared to the Sun, the star Betelgeuse is

• less luminous and warmer

• less luminous and cooler

• more luminous and warmer

• more luminous and cooler

The strength of an object's gravitational force is directly related to

• its color

• its mass

• its size

• its lifespan

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

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Using the graphs showing the composition of two different stars, what seems to be the main factor for the stars' life cycle?

• They both have the same type and amount of gasses.

• They are made of different gasses.

• The amount of water that is present.

• The masses of each star relates to the length of its life.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-3

Why does the size of a star increase when it turns into a red giant?

• As the star's mass decreases its gravity increases causing it to grow

• As it burns more and more fuel its gravity pushes its gasses outward

• As it burns fuel its mass decreases causing its gravity to increases

• As it burns fuel it loses mass and this reduces its gravitational force allowing gasses to move away

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-1