Understanding Experimental Methods

What is the primary purpose of experimental methods?

• To analyze historical data trends.

• To test hypotheses and establish cause-and-effect relationships.

• To gather qualitative data for surveys.

• To create theoretical models without testing.

Define research design in the context of psychology.

• A summary of psychological concepts without structure.

• Research design in psychology is a structured plan for conducting a study, detailing methods for data collection and analysis.

• A random collection of psychological theories.

• A list of famous psychologists and their contributions.

What is the difference between random sampling and convenience sampling?

• Random sampling can only be done with small populations.

• Random sampling is unbiased and representative, while convenience sampling is biased and may not represent the population.

• Convenience sampling is always unbiased and representative.

• Random sampling is always more expensive than convenience sampling.

Which of the followig is NOT a type of validity?

• Lucky Validity

• Ecological Validity

• Internal Validity

• External Validity.

Explain the concept of reliability in research.

• Reliability in research is the consistency and stability of a measurement tool, indicating the extent to which results can be replicated.

• Reliability measures the relevance of research findings to real-world applications.

• Reliability is the degree to which a study is free from bias.

• Reliability refers to the accuracy of a measurement tool.

What is Experimental control and why is it important?

• Experimental controls are the main variables being tested in an experiment.

• Experimental control prevents external factors from affecting the results.

• Experimental controls are the dependent variables that change during the experiment.

• Experimental controls are random factors that enhance the variability of results.

Describe one ethical consideration in psychological research.

• Using deception is always unethical in psychological research.

• Debriefing participants is optional in all studies.

• Informed consent is a crucial ethical consideration in psychological research.

• Confidentiality is not important in psychological research.

What is the role of a hypothesis in experimental research?

• To provide a definitive answer to the research question.

• To collect data without any prior assumptions.

• The role of a hypothesis in experimental research is to provide a testable prediction that guides the research process.

• To summarize the research findings.

How can researchers ensure the validity of their findings?

• By using rigorous methodologies and conducting peer reviews.

• By using outdated research methods.

• By relying solely on anecdotal evidence.

• By avoiding any form of external review.

What is the significance of a control group in an experiment?

• The control group is necessary to validate the hypothesis without any treatment.

• The control group is significant for ensuring all variables are identical in every trial.

• The control group is significant because it allows for a comparison to determine the effect of the experimental treatment.

• The control group is used to increase the sample size of the experiment.