Understanding Coordination and Response

What are the main components of the nervous system?

• Autonomic nervous system (ANS) and endocrine system

• Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)

• Cerebral cortex and spinal cord

• Somatic nervous system and immune system

Describe the structure and function of a neuron.

• A neuron is a type of blood cell that helps in oxygen transport.

• A neuron is structured with a cell body, dendrites, and an axon, functioning to transmit electrical signals and communicate with other cells.

• A neuron consists of only a cell body and has no function in signal transmission.

• Neurons are primarily made up of muscle tissue and are responsible for movement.

What is the role of the spinal cord in reflex actions?

• The spinal cord facilitates reflex actions by processing sensory input and generating motor output quickly.

• The spinal cord only transmits signals to the brain.

• Reflex actions are solely controlled by the brain.

• The spinal cord has no role in reflex actions.

Explain the process of a reflex arc.

• A reflex arc is a type of muscle contraction.

• A reflex arc only involves the brain and not the spinal cord.

• A reflex arc is a neural pathway that controls reflex actions, involving a stimulus, sensory neuron, spinal cord, motor neuron, and effector.

• A reflex arc is a voluntary response to stimuli.

What are sensory receptors and their function?

• Sensory receptors are specialized cells that detect environmental stimuli and convert them into electrical signals for the nervous system.

• Sensory receptors are general cells that do not have a specific function.

• Sensory receptors are responsible for producing hormones in the body.

• Sensory receptors are only found in the brain and do not detect stimuli.

Name the different types of sensory receptors in the human body.

• Osmoreceptors

• Photoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, chemoreceptors, nociceptors.

• Baroreceptors

• Electroreceptors

How do neurotransmitters facilitate communication between neurons?

• Neurotransmitters are released into the bloodstream to affect distant organs.

• Neurotransmitters facilitate communication by crossing the synaptic cleft and binding to receptors on the next neuron.

• Neurotransmitters are stored in the nucleus of neurons until needed.

• Neurotransmitters only function within the same neuron without crossing any gaps.

What is the function of dopamine in the nervous system?

• Dopamine is primarily responsible for regulating blood pressure.

• Dopamine acts as a hormone that controls digestion.

• Dopamine is a type of protein that builds muscle mass.

• Dopamine functions as a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, motivation, reward, and motor control in the nervous system.

Describe the role of the central nervous system.

• The central nervous system solely regulates body temperature.

• The central nervous system processes information and coordinates actions in the body.

• The central nervous system is responsible for digestion and metabolism.

• The central nervous system only controls voluntary movements.

What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary actions?

• Voluntary actions are controlled by the individual, while involuntary actions occur automatically.

• Voluntary actions are always harmful, while involuntary actions are always beneficial.

• Involuntary actions require conscious thought, while voluntary actions do not.

• Voluntary actions are performed by animals, while involuntary actions are performed by humans.