Conservative Thinkers - Thomas Hobbes

What is the central idea of Thomas Hobbes' Social Contract Theory?

• People are naturally altruistic and form governments to share resources.

• People agree to surrender some freedoms to a ruler in exchange for protection and order.

• Governments are formed to ensure equal distribution of wealth.

• Society naturally evolves into a government without any formal agreement.

According to Hobbes, what is the 'State of Nature'?

• A peaceful and harmonious existence without government.

• A condition where life is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short."

• A utopian society where everyone lives in equality.

• A state where natural resources are abundant and shared equally.

What does Hobbes mean by 'Absolute Sovereignty'?

• The ruler has limited power and must consult with citizens.

• The ruler has complete and unrestricted power over the state.

• The ruler is a symbolic figurehead with no real power.

• The ruler's power is checked by a council of advisors.

How does Hobbes describe human nature?

• Humans are naturally cooperative and peaceful.

• Humans are inherently selfish and competitive.

• Humans are born with a sense of justice and fairness.

• Humans are naturally inclined to form communities.

What role does 'Civil Society' play in Hobbes' philosophy?

• It is a natural state where people live without laws.

• It is formed to protect individuals from the chaos of the state of nature.

• It is an ideal society where everyone is equal.

• It is a temporary arrangement until a better system is found.

In Hobbes' view, what legitimises political authority?

• The divine right of kings.

• The consent of the governed through a social contract.

• The ruler's ability to maintain peace and security.

• The ruler's wealth and power.

What is the primary purpose of government according to Hobbes?

• To ensure economic prosperity.

• To maintain peace and prevent conflict.

• To promote cultural development.

• To provide education and healthcare.

How does Hobbes believe conflicts in the state of nature are resolved?

• Through negotiation and compromise.

• Through the establishment of a common power to enforce laws.

• Through mutual understanding and cooperation.

• Through the intervention of a neutral third party.

What is Hobbes' view on the equality of humans in the state of nature?

• All humans are equal in their ability to harm each other.

• Some humans are naturally superior to others.

• Equality is irrelevant in the state of nature.

• Humans are equal in their capacity for compassion.

According to Hobbes, what is the consequence of not having a sovereign authority?

• Society will naturally organise itself peacefully.

• There will be constant fear and danger of violent death.

• People will live in harmony and cooperation.

• Resources will be distributed equally among all.