Who first demonstrated that cellular alterations correlate with the clinical aspects of disease?

• Rudolf Virchow

• Robert Koch

• Louis Pasteur

• Anton van Leeuwenhoek

What is the term used to describe the narrow range of stability in cellular function?

• Equilibrium

• Homeostasis

• Steady state

• Adaptation

Which of the following is NOT a basic mechanism of cell injury?

• ATP depletion

• Increased protein synthesis

• Permeabilization of cell membranes

• DNA damage

The normal steady state involves the preservation of which key feature?

• Cellular division

• Genetic mutation

• Homeostasis

• Apoptosis

What type of injury results in reversible changes to a cell?

• Lethal injury

• Sub-lethal injury

• Physical injury

• Genetic injury

Which of the following injuries may result in the formation of free radicals and damage genetic material?

• Heat trauma

• Mechanical trauma

• Radiant energy

• Electrical trauma

The term "degeneration" is most closely associated with which type of cell injury?

• Lethal injury

• Irreversible injury

• Reversible injury

• Physical injury

What cellular process is most associated with cell death via necrosis?

• Apoptosis

• Autolysis

• Adaptation

• Reversible injury

In hypoxia, which organelle is the first to show dysfunction?

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

• Lysosomes

• Endoplasmic reticulum

Which cellular change is commonly associated with ATP depletion?

• Protein aggregation

• Cell swelling

• DNA mutation

• Increase in protein synthesis