Grade 6 Quarter 1 Checkpoint 1

Scientists use models to help them understand how the natural world works. These models can take different forms. However, all models have limitations. What is one limitation that all models have?

• Models must be physical objects.

• Models must be three-dimensional.

• Models are never exactly like the real thing.

• Models must be based on mathematical laws.

Graham and Victoria are studying the effect of temperature on the density of water. They drew a diagram to model the particles within the water at different temperatures, but they forgot to add labels to their drawings. Which of the following glasses would most likely contain water at the highest temperature?

• Glass 1 would contain a solid because the particles have very little space between them.

• Glass 2 would contain a liquid because the particles are more densely packed.

• Glass 3 would contain a gas because the particles are more separated from each other.

• None of these glass labels are correct because the density of the particles is not related to the state of matter.

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Scientists from all fields of study use models. The diagram below shows a model used by many scientists.

In which field of study could this model help scientists?

• This model would be most useful in Biology.

• This model would be most useful in Geology.

• This model would be most useful in Chemistry.

• This model would be most useful in Astronomy.

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When sunlight reaches the ground, energy is absorbed and the ground heats up. How is energy transferred from the ground to the atmosphere?

• Energy is transferred from the ground to the atmosphere only by convection.

• Energy is transferred from the ground to the atmosphere by convection and radiation.

• Energy is transferred from the ground to the atmosphere by radiation and conduction.

• Energy is transferred from the ground to the atmosphere by convection and conduction.

Hot rock moves slowly within the Earth's mantle. This movement of mantle rock transports heat from the Earth's core to the crust. What is this process of heat transfer within the mantle called?

• The process of heat transfer in the Earth's mantle is called radiation.

• The process of heat transfer in the Earth's mantle is called convection.

• The process of heat transfer in the Earth's mantle is called conduction.

• The process of heat transfer in the Earth's mantle is called plate tectonics.

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There are three main ways in which heat can be transferred in the Earth's system. How does heat transfer by radiation differ from heat transfer by conduction or convection?

• Radiation only transfers energy from the sun to the Earth's system.

• Radiation occurs only when temperature differences are very large.

• Radiation transfers energy between objects that are in direct contact with each other.

• Radiation can transfer energy between objects that are not in direct contact with each other.

Mrs. Marlo's class built a model showing how the various spheres of the Earth interact with each other. What process could the class use to show the interactions between the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere?

• The process of soil erosion by running water.

• The process of iceberg formation when glaciers reach the sea.

• The process of rock decomposition due to weathering by tree roots.

• The process of a plant absorbing carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight in a large rainforest.

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Ben is making a poster to show how the biosphere interacts with the other spheres of the Earth. Which part of the geosphere will Ben include in his poster?

• He could include the mantle to show how the biosphere interacts with the geosphere.

• He could include the lithosphere to show how the biosphere interacts with the geosphere.

• He could include the atmosphere to show how the biosphere interacts with the geosphere.

• He could include the asthenosphere to show how the biosphere interacts with the geosphere.

Use the information in the table to answer questions about the three compositional layers of the solid Earth. Which statement correctly describes the layers of the Earth according to the data in the table?

• The outer compositional layer known as the crust is the thinnest of the three layers.

• The inner compositional layer known as the crust is composed of ferro-magnesian silicates.

• The thickest compositional layer known as the core is composed of ferro-magnesian silicates.

• The middle compositional layer known as the mantle is the thickest of the Earth's compositional layers.

Convection currents within the Earth occur in which of the following layers?

• The crust

• The mantle

• The inner core

• The lithosphere