According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, where does spiritual growth fall within the hierarchy?

• Physiological Needs

• Safety Needs

• Love and Belonging

• Self-Actualization

Carl Jung's concept of individuation involves which of the following?

• The conscious suppression of spirituality

• The integration of different aspects of the psyche

• The rejection of spiritual practices

• The alignment with collective societal beliefs

Viktor Frankl's Logotherapy is centered around which of the following concepts?

• The will to power

• The pursuit of pleasure

• The will to meaning

• The avoidance of suffering

Emile Durkheim believed that spirituality primarily serves what function in society?

• Establishing moral order

• Isolating individuals from social influence

• Encouraging rebellion against societal norms

• Creating individual freedom

Marx's critique of religion and spirituality primarily argues that they are used as:

• A tool for liberation

• A means of social control

• A method of personal growth

• An expression of individual creativity

Which aspect of spirituality does feminist theory emphasize the most?

• The divine feminine

• The rejection of organized religion

• The elimination of spiritual practices

• The suppression of gender roles in spiritual life

According to Christian spirituality, which of the following is considered essential for spiritual growth?

• Submission to the will of Allah

• Salvation through Jesus Christ

• Attaining enlightenment through meditation

• Performing selfless acts without recognition

In Islamic spirituality, which of the following is one of the Five Pillars?

• Nirvana

• Moksha

• Zakat (almsgiving)

• Dharma

Which of the following is *not* a component of the Eightfold Path in Buddhist spirituality?

• Right Mindfulness

• Right Understanding

• Right Livelihood

• Right Karma

Hindu spirituality emphasizes liberation from the cycle of rebirth, known as:

• Samsara

• Nirvana

• Moksha

• Dharma