Cell Biology Basics for First-Year Students

What is the basic unit of life?

• Organism

• Organ

• Tissue

• Cell

Describe the structure of the cell membrane.

• The cell membrane consists solely of cholesterol molecules.

• The cell membrane is a rigid structure made of cellulose.

• The cell membrane is a single layer of phospholipids without proteins.

• The cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, creating a semi-permeable barrier.

What organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

• Chloroplast

• Nucleus

• Ribosome

• Mitochondria

Explain the function of ribosomes in a cell.

• Ribosomes help in the transport of nutrients across the cell membrane.

• Ribosomes act as the cell's energy production center.

• Ribosomes are responsible for DNA replication.

• Ribosomes function as the site of protein synthesis in a cell.

What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?

• The nucleus controls cell activities and contains genetic material.

• The nucleus is responsible for protein synthesis.

• The nucleus produces energy for the cell.

• The nucleus helps in the digestion of nutrients.

Define the term 'cytoskeleton' and its function.

• The cytoskeleton is a type of organelle that produces energy for the cell.

• The cytoskeleton is a fluid that fills the cell and provides nutrients.

• The cytoskeleton is a structural network in cells that supports shape, movement, and transport.

• The cytoskeleton is a membrane that protects the cell from external damage.

What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• Prokaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles; eukaryotic cells do not.

• Eukaryotic cells are smaller than prokaryotic cells.

• Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus; eukaryotic cells do not.

• Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and organelles; eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles.

Name the process by which cells divide.

• DNA Replication

• Protein Synthesis

• Mitosis and Meiosis

• Cellular Respiration

What is the function of lysosomes?

• To synthesize proteins for cellular functions

• The function of lysosomes is to digest and break down waste materials and cellular debris.

• To produce energy for the cell

• To store genetic information

Describe the role of mitochondria in cellular respiration.

• Mitochondria store genetic information for the cell.

• Mitochondria are involved in protein synthesis.

• Mitochondria are responsible for photosynthesis in plants.

• Mitochondria convert nutrients into ATP through cellular respiration.