Exploring the Role and Function of Enzymes

Enzymes are crucial proteins or RNA that accelerate biochemical reactions by lowering activation energy. Discovered by Anselme Payen, they are highly specific, binding to substrates at their active sites. Enzymes may require cofactors to function, forming holoenzymes. Models like Lock and Key and Induced Fit explain enzyme-substrate interactions. Environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and concentrations affect enzyme activity. Inhibitors can block or alter enzyme function, with competitive and non-competitive types.

Who discovered enzymes and what did he name them?

• Robert Hooke, Reactants

• Louis Pasteur, Ferments

• Anselme Payen, Enzymes

• Marie Curie, Catalysts

What is the primary role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

• To increase the temperature of the reaction

• To provide substrates for the reaction

• To lower the activation energy required for the reaction

• To change the pH of the reaction

What is the specific site on an enzyme where the substrate binds called?

• Reaction Site

• Binding Site

• Catalytic Site

• Active Site

What are cofactors and what role do they play in enzyme function?

• They are substrates that bind to enzymes

• They are non-protein parts that assist in enzyme activity

• They are inhibitors that block enzyme activity

• They are products of enzyme reactions

Which model suggests that the enzyme changes shape to fit the substrate more tightly?

• Substrate Binding Model

• Enzyme-Substrate Complex Model

• Lock and Key Hypothesis

• Induced Fit Hypothesis

What happens to enzymes at temperatures higher than 37°C?

• They become more active

• They denature and lose function

• They change their substrate specificity

• They become inhibitors

How does pH affect enzyme activity?

• It always increases enzyme activity

• It has no effect on enzyme activity

• It only affects non-protein enzymes

• It can denature enzymes at extreme values

What is the effect of increasing enzyme concentration on the rate of reaction?

• It increases the rate of reaction up to a certain point

• It has no effect on the rate of reaction

• It always decreases the rate of reaction

• It always increases the rate of reaction

What are competitive inhibitors?

• Substances that increase enzyme activity

• Substances that bind to the active site and block substrates

• Substances that bind to the enzyme-substrate complex

• Substances that change the enzyme's shape

What is the difference between competitive and non-competitive inhibitors?

• Competitive inhibitors are always reversible, non-competitive inhibitors are not

• Competitive inhibitors change the enzyme's shape, non-competitive inhibitors do not

• Competitive inhibitors increase enzyme activity, non-competitive inhibitors decrease it

• Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site, non-competitive inhibitors bind elsewhere