Exploring Periodic Trends in Chemistry

What are the two main ways to increase the forces between charged particles?

• Increase the number of protons and electrons, and decrease the distance between particles

• Decrease the number of protons and increase the distance between particles

• Increase the number of neutrons and decrease the distance between particles

• Increase the number of neutrons and increase the distance between particles

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NGSS.HS-PS2-4

NGSS.HS-PS3-5

What is ionization energy?

• The energy required to add an electron to an atom

• The energy required to bond two atoms together

• The energy required to remove an electron from an atom

• The energy required to split an atom

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NGSS.HS-PS1-2

Why does ionization energy increase from left to right across the periodic table?

• Because the number of protons increases, increasing the nuclear charge

• Because the number of energy levels decreases

• Because the number of neutrons increases

• Because the number of protons decreases

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NGSS.HS-PS1-1

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What is the effect of shielding on ionization energy?

• It increases ionization energy

• It decreases ionization energy

• It has no effect on ionization energy

• It only affects noble gases

Which element has the highest electronegativity?

• Fluorine

• Helium

• Oxygen

• Neon

Why are noble gases not included in the trend for electronegativity?

• Because they have the highest electronegativity

• Because they do not bond with other atoms

• Because they have the lowest electronegativity

• Because they are metals

How is atomic radius measured?

• By measuring the distance between the nucleus and the outermost electron

• By measuring the distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms and dividing by two

• By measuring the distance between the protons in the nucleus

• By measuring the distance between the outermost electrons

Which element is expected to have the largest atomic radius?

• Helium

• Fluorine

• Oxygen

• Francium

How does the size of a cation compare to its parent atom?

• A cation has no size

• A cation is the same size as its parent atom

• A cation is smaller than its parent atom

• A cation is larger than its parent atom

What happens to the size of an anion compared to its parent atom?

• An anion is the same size as its parent atom

• An anion is larger than its parent atom

• An anion has no size

• An anion is smaller than its parent atom