Exploring Mendelian Genetics and Heredity

Before the discovery of DNA, what was the general understanding about offspring and their traits?

• Offspring inherited traits from their parents.

• Offspring were identical to their parents.

• Offspring had completely random traits.

• Offspring traits were determined by the environment.

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Who is considered the father of classical genetics?

• James Watson

• Gregor Mendel

• Francis Crick

• Charles Darwin

What is an allele?

• A type of protein

• A specific version of a gene

• A chromosome

• A type of cell

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What does it mean if an organism is heterozygous for a trait?

• It has more than two alleles for a gene.

• It has two different alleles for a gene.

• It has no alleles for a gene.

• It has two identical alleles for a gene.

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In the context of genetics, what does 'dominant' mean?

• A trait that is expressed only in the absence of a recessive trait.

• A trait that is expressed only in the presence of another dominant trait.

• A trait that is never expressed.

• A trait that is always expressed when present.

If an individual has one dominant allele and one recessive allele for a trait, what will be the phenotype?

• The dominant trait will be expressed.

• The recessive trait will be expressed.

• Both traits will be expressed equally.

• Neither trait will be expressed.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

What is the probability of two heterozygous parents producing a child with a recessive phenotype?

• 50%

• 0%

• 25%

• 75%

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NGSS.HS-LS3-3

What tool is used to predict the probability of different genotypes in offspring?

• Chromosome chart

• Punnett square

• DNA sequence

• Genetic map

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NGSS.HS-LS3-3

If two parents are both heterozygous for a trait, what is the probability that their child will also be heterozygous?

• 100%

• 25%

• 50%

• 75%

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS3-3

What is the term for an organism with two identical alleles for a gene?

• Recessive

• Homozygous

• Heterozygous

• Dominant