Genetic Basis of Schizophrenia

What conclusion is drawn from the fact that schizophrenia tends to run in families?

• It is caused by environmental factors.

• It has a genetic basis.

• It is a result of lifestyle choices.

• It is purely psychological.

According to the genetic hypothesis, what increases the chance of developing schizophrenia?

• The more distant the family member.

• The more closely related the family member.

• The number of family members.

• The age of the family member.

What was the concordance rate for MZ twins according to Gottesman (1991)?

• 26.5%

• 17%

• 48%

• 0%

What does a concordance rate of less than 100% for twins suggest about schizophrenia?

• It is entirely genetic.

• It cannot be accounted for by genetics alone.

• It is not influenced by environmental factors.

• It is solely determined by genetic similarity.

Why might MZ twins show higher concordance rates than DZ twins?

• Greater genetic similarity.

• More similar nurturing environment

• Larger sample sizes in studies.

• Different genetic makeup.

What is a common limitation of twin studies mentioned in the text?

• They have large sample sizes.

• They only focus on environmental factors.

• They often have very small sample sizes.

• They ignore genetic factors.

According to family studies, who is at greater risk of developing schizophrenia?

• Those unrelated to the schizophrenic

• Those more closely related to the schizophrenic

• Those with no family history of schizophrenia

• Those with distant relatives who have schizophrenia

What did Kendler et al (1985) find about first-degree relatives of those with schizophrenia?

• They were 5 times more at risk

• They were 10 times more at risk

• They were 18 times more at risk

• They were 25 times more at risk

What was the concordance rate of schizophrenia in adopted children whose biological mothers had schizophrenia, according to Tienari's study?

• 10%

• 1%

• 5%

• 15%

What does Tienari's study suggest about the role of genetics in schizophrenia?

• Genetics are a risk factor for schizophrenia.

• Environment is the sole factor for schizophrenia.

• Schizophrenia is not influenced by genetics.

• Genetics have no role in mental health.