Exploring Atoms, Ions, and Isotopes

Professor Adam explains the structure of atoms, focusing on protons, neutrons, and electrons. He discusses atomic and mass numbers, highlighting their significance in identifying elements. The concept of isotopes and ions is introduced, explaining how variations in neutrons and electrons affect atomic identity and charge. The periodic table is presented as a tool for organizing elements by atomic number, and the calculation of atomic mass is demonstrated using carbon isotopes.

What particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?

• Protons and electrons

• Protons and neutrons

• Neutrons and electrons

• Only protons

Which particle determines the identity of an atom?

• Nucleus

• Proton

• Neutron

• Electron

What is the atomic number of an element?

• Number of protons

• Sum of protons and neutrons

• Number of electrons

• Number of neutrons

How do you calculate the mass number of an atom?

• Number of protons plus electrons

• Number of neutrons plus electrons

• Number of protons plus neutrons

• Number of protons minus neutrons

What are isotopes?

• Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

• Atoms with the same number of neutrons but different numbers of protons

• Atoms with the same number of electrons but different numbers of protons

• Atoms with different numbers of protons and neutrons

How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?

• Subtract the atomic number from the mass number

• Subtract the number of electrons from the atomic number

• Add the atomic number to the mass number

• Add the number of electrons to the mass number

What is a cation?

• An atom with more electrons than protons

• An atom with more protons than electrons

• An atom with equal numbers of protons and electrons

• An atom with no charge

How is the periodic table of elements arranged?

• By increasing atomic mass

• By increasing number of protons

• By increasing number of electrons

• By increasing number of neutrons

Why is the atomic mass of an element often not a whole number?

• It is rounded to the nearest whole number

• It includes the mass of electrons

• It includes the mass of protons only

• It represents the average mass of all isotopes of that element

What are the two primary stable isotopes of carbon?

• Carbon-14 and Carbon-15

• Carbon-13 and Carbon-14

• Carbon-12 and Carbon-13

• Carbon-11 and Carbon-12