Key Figures of the Enlightenment

The video explores key figures of the Enlightenment, including Voltaire, Locke, Rousseau, Kant, Wollstonecraft, Hobbes, and Montesquieu. It highlights their contributions to philosophy, politics, and social thought, emphasizing themes like freedom, reason, natural rights, social contracts, and gender equality. These ideas shaped modern democratic principles and continue to influence contemporary discourse.

What was Voltaire known for advocating?

• Economic equality

• Religious tolerance and freedom of thought

• Military expansion

• Absolute monarchy

Which famous quote is attributed to Voltaire?

• I think, therefore I am.

• The unexamined life is not worth living.

• Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.

• I may not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.

What did John Locke believe about the source of governmental power?

• Divine right of kings

• Military strength

• Consent of the governed

• Wealth and property

Which of the following rights did John Locke consider natural rights?

• Life, liberty, and property

• Freedom, equality, and fraternity

• Speech, religion, and assembly

• Work, education, and health

What concept did Rousseau emphasize in his philosophy?

• Utilitarianism

• Materialism

• Social contract

• Economic determinism

Rousseau's famous quote 'Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains' challenges what?

• Social norms

• Religious beliefs

• Political systems

• Economic systems

What did Emmanuel Kant emphasize in his philosophy?

• Economic equality

• Moral autonomy and reason

• Political power

• Religious faith

Which principle did Mary Wollstonecraft advocate for?

• Absolute monarchy

• Economic socialism

• Religious orthodoxy

• Women's education and equal rights

What did Thomas Hobbes believe about human nature?

• Humans are naturally cooperative

• Humans are driven by self-interest and self-preservation

• Humans are primarily spiritual beings

• Humans are inherently good

What did Montesquieu propose to prevent tyranny?

• Absolute monarchy

• Direct democracy

• Separation of powers

• Economic equality