1.4 Short Review

What is Estuary English?

• A type of the English language and how things are spelled

• An England based accent founded in the 1980s, often used by young people, and associated with the Random Fluctuation Theory

• A theorist

• A slang type of English language

Charles Hockett founded the Random Fluctuation Theory which is

• Language has placeholders

• That language develops in a more random way

• That language is affected by cognitive development

• No relation to any of the other theories

Cultural Transmission Theory was founded by four different theories and this theory

• involves transmitting information from person to person through imitation and teaching as well as language

• Deals with how children perceive adults

• Deals with the uneven use of language

• Involves Estuary English

The Substratum Theory was founded by William Labov. This theory focuses on the influence of different Englishes

• True

• False

How does the evolution of the English language over time demonstrate its flexibility and adaptability?

• By maintaining its original form without any changes

• By incorporating words and phrases from other languages

• By becoming more difficult to learn

• By reducing the number of speakers worldwide

A lexical gap are words that do not exist in every language

• True

• False

The theory of Lexical Gaps is tied to which theorist?

• Deutscher

• Halliday

• Aitchison

• Millroy

The founder of the functional theory, that language changes due to the need of its users

• Trudgill

• Halliday

• Aitchison

• Millroy

This theorist created the Crumbling Castle Theory, that it is impossible to preserve language because it changes

• Trudgill

• Deutscher

• Aitchison

• Harlow

Social class affects how you speak. Created the ideas of overt and covert prestige

• Halliday

• Deutscher

• Millroy

• Trudgill