This video lesson covers the principles of geosciences, focusing on volcanoes and earthquakes. It explains how volcanoes form through subduction and hotspots, and characterizes them as active, dormant, or extinct. The video also discusses the types of volcanic eruptions and their impacts on the environment. Historical case studies of significant eruptions, such as Mount St. Helens and Mount Vesuvius, are presented. The lesson then shifts to earthquakes, detailing their occurrence at plate boundaries, the types of seismic waves, and the methods used to measure and locate earthquakes, including the Richter scale and triangulation.

What is the primary cause of most volcanoes on Earth?

• Hot spots

• Erosion

• Subduction at plate boundaries

• Meteor impacts

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-ESS3-2

What is a hot spot in the context of volcano formation?

• A region where continental plates diverge

• A place where magma cools rapidly

• A stationary area in the mantle that melts nearby rock

• A location where two oceanic plates collide

Which type of volcano is currently showing signs of potential eruption?

• Dormant

• Extinct

• Active

• Subducted

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-2

What determines whether a volcanic eruption is violent or quiet?

• The thickness (viscosity) of the magma

• The size of the volcano

• The altitude of the volcano

• The amount of water in the magma

Which volcanic eruption is known as the 'year without summer'?

• Mount St. Helens

• Mount Tambora

• Mount Vesuvius

• Krakatoa

What is the term for the point on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake's focus?

• Fault line

• Tectonic plate

• Epicenter

• Seismic zone

Which type of seismic wave travels the fastest?

• Tertiary waves

• Primary waves

• Secondary waves

• Surface waves

What is the primary cause of tsunamis?

• Volcanic eruptions

• Underwater earthquakes

• Hurricanes

• Landslides

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

What is the purpose of a seismograph?

• To predict weather patterns

• To record earthquake data

• To monitor ocean currents

• To measure volcanic eruptions

What is the process called that uses three seismograph stations to locate an earthquake's epicenter?

• Quadrangulation

• Bisection

• Interpolation

• Triangulation