The video introduces the concept of relative dating, a method used by geologists to sequence geological events and fossils from oldest to youngest. It uses an ice cream sundae analogy to explain the process and discusses various rules of stratigraphy, such as uniformitarianism, original horizontality, and superposition. The video also covers faults, folds, intrusions, and contact metamorphism, providing examples to illustrate these concepts.

Why is it difficult for scientists to create a complete history of Earth?

• Because Earth is too large to study.

• Because fossils are too rare to find.

• Because no human has been alive for the entire history of Earth.

• Because Earth's history is only a few thousand years old.

What does relative dating allow scientists to do?

• Find the location of all dinosaur fossils.

• Sequence geologic events or fossils from oldest to youngest.

• Predict future geological events.

• Determine the exact age of fossils.

In the ice cream sundae analogy, what was the first item placed in the dish?

• The whipped cream

• The ice cream

• The fudge

• The cherry

What is the principle of uniformitarianism?

• The present is the key to the past.

• Rocks form in vertical layers.

• Magma is always older than the surrounding rock.

• Faults are older than the rocks they cut through.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

According to the law of superposition, where are the oldest rocks found in an undisturbed sequence?

• At the bottom

• At the top

• In the middle

• Scattered throughout

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

What must be true for the law of superposition to apply?

• The rocks must be metamorphic.

• The rocks must be igneous.

• The rocks must be undisturbed and horizontal.

• The rocks must be vertical.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

What is always younger, the fault or the rock it cuts through?

• They are the same age

• The rock

• It depends on the type of rock

• The fault

What does the rule of cross-cutting relationships state?

• Rocks are older than the faults and folds they contain.

• Faults are older than the rocks they cut through.

• Magma is always older than the surrounding rock.

• Intrusions and extrusions are younger than the rocks they cut through.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

What must be true for fragments in a rock according to the sixth rule?

• Fragments are the same age as the rock.

• Fragments are younger than the rock.

• Fragments do not affect the age of the rock.

• Fragments are older than the rock.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

What does contact metamorphism indicate about the relative ages of magma and surrounding rock?

• They are the same age.

• The magma is always younger than the surrounding rock.

• The surrounding rock is older than the magma.

• The magma is older than the surrounding rock.