Exploring DNA Structure and Replication

The video explores the complexity and significance of DNA, detailing its structure, components, and the process of replication. It highlights the differences between DNA and RNA, and delves into the history of DNA discovery, acknowledging key figures like Watson, Crick, and Franklin. The video also explains the base pairing rules and the sequencing of DNA, emphasizing its role in storing genetic information. Finally, it covers the replication process, including the enzymes involved and the challenges faced during replication.

What is the approximate number of cells in the human body?

• 10 trillion

• 50 trillion

• 100 trillion

• 200 trillion

What does DNA stand for?

• Ribonucleic Deoxyribose

• Ribonucleic Acid

• Deoxyribonucleic Acid

• Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

• A nitrogenous base

• A phosphate group

• A five-carbon sugar

• A lipid molecule

Which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine in DNA?

• Uracil

• Guanine

• Cytosine

• Thymine

Who was the first to discover DNA?

• Rosalind Franklin

• Friedrich Miescher

• Francis Crick

• James Watson

What technique did Rosalind Franklin use to study DNA?

• Electron microscopy

• X-ray diffraction

• Mass spectrometry

• Nuclear magnetic resonance

What is the role of the enzyme helicase in DNA replication?

• To proofread the new DNA strand

• To join Okazaki fragments

• To unzip the double helix

• To add nucleotides to the new strand

Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand?

• Helicase

• Ligase

• Polymerase

• Primase

What are Okazaki fragments?

• Short RNA primers

• Segments of DNA on the lagging strand

• Segments of DNA on the leading strand

• Enzymes involved in DNA replication

What is the error rate of DNA replication?

• 1 in 1 million nucleotides

• 1 in 10,000 nucleotides

• 1 in 1,000 nucleotides

• 1 in 10 billion nucleotides