Exploring DNA Structure and Replication

The video tutorial explores the structure and function of DNA, emphasizing its role in determining traits through protein production. It explains the chemical composition of DNA, including nucleotides and the double helix structure discovered by Watson and Crick. The tutorial also covers DNA replication, detailing the semi-conservative process and the role of enzymes like helicase, polymerase, and ligase in ensuring accurate DNA copying.

What is the primary role of DNA in organisms?

• To store energy

• To determine traits

• To provide structural support

• To transport nutrients

What are the three main components of a nucleotide?

• A phosphate group, a lipid, and a nitrogenous base

• A sugar, a lipid, and a protein

• A protein, a lipid, and a carbohydrate

• A simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Which scientists are credited with discovering the double helix structure of DNA?

• Mendel and Darwin

• Watson and Crick

• Hershey and Chase

• Franklin and Wilkins

Which nitrogenous bases are classified as purines?

• Thymine and Cytosine

• Adenine and Guanine

• Cytosine and Guanine

• Adenine and Thymine

According to Chargaff's rule, which base pairs with adenine?

• Cytosine

• Guanine

• Thymine

• Adenine

What is the term for the loosely packed form of DNA?

• Histone

• Chromosome

• Chromatin

• Nucleosome

What is the role of histones in DNA structure?

• To provide energy

• To replicate DNA

• To package and organize DNA

• To transport DNA

What is the first step in DNA replication?

• Formation of Okazaki fragments

• Unzipping the DNA strand

• Binding of ligase

• Joining of replication bubbles

Which enzyme is responsible for unzipping the DNA strand during replication?

• RNA polymerase

• DNA helicase

• DNA ligase

• DNA polymerase

What is the function of DNA ligase in replication?

• To initiate replication bubbles

• To fix breaks and join Okazaki fragments

• To synthesize new DNA strands

• To unzip the DNA strand