Exploring Energy and Thermodynamics in Chemistry

What is a common misconception about 'chemicals'?

• Chemicals are always harmful

• Chemicals can only be found in laboratories

• All substances, including organic lettuce, are made of chemicals

• Only synthetic substances are chemicals

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According to Einstein, what is the relationship between energy and mass?

• Mass and energy are the same thing

• Energy can be converted into mass only

• They are completely unrelated

• Mass can be converted into energy only

What does gravitational potential energy depend on?

• The temperature of the object

• The object's position or arrangement

• The object's speed

• The chemical composition of the object

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NGSS.MS-PS3-2

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

• Energy cannot be created or destroyed

• Energy can be created but not destroyed

• Energy is always lost when work is done

• The total entropy of the universe always increases

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NGSS.HS-PS3-1

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What does the study of thermodynamics primarily focus on?

• The motion of particles in a system

• The conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy

• Heat, energy, and their ability to do work

• The chemical composition of substances

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NGSS.HS-PS3-4

What is the definition of 'work' in physics?

• Any task that requires effort

• The process of converting energy into heat

• Force applied over a distance causing movement

• The transfer of energy by thermal interactions

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What is 'heat' in the context of energy transfer?

• The temperature difference between two systems

• Energy transferred through thermal interactions

• A measure of the total kinetic energy of particles in an object

• A form of light energy

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NGSS.HS-PS3-4

What happens when the internal energy of a system increases?

• The system's temperature decreases

• ΔE is positive, indicating energy gain

• The system's mass increases

• ΔE is negative, indicating energy loss

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NGSS.HS-PS3-2

What characterizes an exothermic reaction?

• Conversion of all chemical energy into work

• No change in the system's energy

• Release of heat to the surroundings

• Absorption of heat from the surroundings

What is the role of energy in chemical reactions?

• It is only released, never absorbed

• It can be either absorbed or released, affecting the reaction's direction

• It remains constant, ensuring the reaction's speed

• It is irrelevant to the process of chemical reactions

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NGSS.HS-PS1-4