What does 'descent with modification' refer to?

• Offspring looking exactly like their parents

• Offspring having no resemblance to their parents

• Offspring showing slight differences from their parents

• Parents adopting traits from their offspring

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Why was the idea of common descent initially rejected?

• Disagreement among scientists

• Insufficient genetic data

• Belief that order can't come from chaos

• Lack of fossil evidence

What evidence supports the concept of common descent?

• Direct observation of species evolution

• Computer simulations only

• Philosophical arguments

• Fossils, genetics, and comparative anatomy

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What unique observation did Darwin make about island species?

• They were identical to mainland species

• They could easily travel between islands and the mainland

• They were less adapted than mainland species

• They were uniquely adapted to their island environments

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What did Darwin conclude from the adaptations of island species?

• Adaptations are purely coincidental

• Island species are less evolved

• Adaptations arose from common descent

• Mainland species are superior

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How did Darwin's travels influence his theory?

• He collected souvenirs

• He observed species that could not be found elsewhere

• He was searching for treasure

• He focused on cultural differences

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How does selective breeding relate to natural selection?

• It has no relation to natural selection

• It is an artificial process that mirrors natural selection

• It is a natural process identical to natural selection

• It disproves the theory of natural selection

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What is a key difference between selective breeding and natural selection?

• Selective breeding happens quickly, while natural selection takes a single generation

• Selective breeding involves human choice, while natural selection involves nature's choice

• There is no difference; they are the same process

• Selective breeding creates new traits, while natural selection does not

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What role does nature play in natural selection?

• An observer of random genetic mutations

• A selector of beneficial traits for survival

• A passive environment with no influence

• An active creator of new traits

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What is the outcome of natural selection?

• Immediate creation of new species

• Random changes in species

• Species perfectly adapted to their environments

• Species becoming less adapted

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