Flow of Energy and Matter in Ecosystems

What is the primary source of energy for most ecosystems?

• Artificial light

• The Sun

• Moonlight

• Geothermal energy

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Which organisms are primarily responsible for converting solar energy into usable biological molecules?

• Primary producers

• Decomposers

• Carnivores

• Secondary consumers

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

Which gas is fixed by plants into biological molecules?

• Hydrogen

• Carbon dioxide

• Nitrogen

• Oxygen

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What percentage of energy is typically transferred from primary producers to primary consumers?

• 75%

• 50%

• 25%

• 10%

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

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Why is energy transfer between trophic levels not completely efficient?

• Energy cannot be transferred

• All energy is used for growth

• Energy is lost as heat and waste

• All energy is stored in biomass

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What happens to energy as it moves through different trophic levels?

• It remains constant

• It increases in quantity

• It is lost as heat and other forms

• It is all stored in biomass

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

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What type of consumer is a fox if it eats primary consumers?

• Producer

• Tertiary consumer

• Secondary consumer

• Primary consumer

What role do apex predators play in the ecosystem?

• They produce biomass

• They recycle nutrients

• They convert solar energy

• They are at the top of the food chain

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What is the primary role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

• To consume primary producers

• To recycle nutrients and energy

• To store energy

• To produce energy

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

How is matter recycled in ecosystems?

• By decomposers breaking down materials

• By energy conservation

• Through photosynthesis

• By water cycles

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3