Exploring DNA Structure and Replication

What does DNA stand for and what is its primary function?

• Dioxyribonucleic Acid, protects cells from damage

• Deoxyribonucleic Acid, transmits nerve signals

• Dioxyribonucleic Acid, generates energy for cells

• Deoxyribonucleic Acid, stores genetic information

Which year marked the completion of the first human genome sequence?

• 2010

• 2022

• 1995

• 2000

What forms the backbone of the DNA molecule?

• Amino acids

• Hydrogen bonds

• Sugar-phosphate chains

• Nucleotide bases

Which pair is correctly matched in DNA base pairing?

• Adenine with Guanine

• Cytosine with Adenine

• Thymine with Adenine

• Guanine with Thymine

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for DNA replication?

• DNA ligase

• RNA polymerase

• Helicase

• DNA polymerase

What is the significance of the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication?

• Each new DNA molecule contains one old and one new strand

• Both strands of the new DNA are completely new

• Both strands of the new DNA are from the old molecule

• Each new DNA molecule is entirely made of new material

What is a mutation in the context of genetics?

• A virus that alters DNA

• An error or change in the DNA sequence

• A type of enzyme that repairs DNA

• An intentional change made by scientists

How often do errors occur in human DNA replication before proofreading?

• Once in every 10 to 100 bases

• Once in every 1,000 to 10,000 bases

• Once in every 10,000 to 100,000 bases

• Once in every 1,000,000 to 10,000,000 bases

What is the result of a DNA polymerase error during replication?

• Enhanced DNA function

• Mutation in the DNA sequence

• No change to the DNA

• Immediate cell death

What role did the Okazakis play in understanding DNA replication?

• They discovered the double helix structure

• They found the enzyme DNA polymerase

• They first observed the lagging strand replication

• They developed the first DNA synthesizer