Geology exam 1 study

What simple scientific technique did geologists like Hutton, Steno, and

Lyell use to draw fundamental geologic conclusions?

• Using gems and metal deposits to understand geology

• Comparing ancient rocks/fossils to modern counterparts

• Digging underground to observe three-dimensional structures

• 
  Performing experiments to replicate the rock record

• Analyzing the chemistry of the rock record

The statement, "Geology is the best science" is an example of a SUBJECTIVE observation

• true

• false

  What evidence was found by Galileo that proved the Earth could not be the center of the universe?

• Craters on the moon

• Moons orbiting around Jupiter

• Asteroid belt

• orbit of Saturn

• Comet return time

Which of these assumptions is required for uniformitarianism to hold

true?

• Processes that we see in modern geology can inform us about past conditions on Earth.

• The geologic features and layers that we see today were formed by a series of brief catastrophic events.

• Geologic time is vast and all processes must have occurred slowly.

• Volcanoes and floods and similar landscape-shaping forces must have had the same intensity in the past as they do now.

• Every geologic process that operated on Earth in the past has to still operate today.

Which of the following best matches the word theory?

• An educated guess

• 
  An infallible truth

• A well-tested idea

• An idea that can be tested

Which of the following is the advantage of inductive reasoning, in contrast to deductive (Aristotelian) reasoning?

• Reasoning is more sound

• 
  Focus on observation

• Focus on evidence

• 
  Focus on conclusions

 The idea that the Sun was the center of the Solar System was first proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus in the 1500's and is known as the ______

• Geocentric mode

• Heliocentric Model

• Divinitycentric model

• Suncentric model

Assuming no hypothesis revision was needed, in the scientific method, which of these steps would normally follow experimentation?

• Peer review

• Theory development

• Hypothesis creation

• 
  Observation

What is the process by which stars grow and create new elements?

• fusion

• redshift

• 
  stellar erosion

• 
  density

Which layers of the Earth can move internally or flow? SELECT TWO

• Outer Core

• Mantle

• Asthenosphere

• 
  Inner core