Quiz Ekonomi OSN 2006

Di daerah-daerah tertentu di Kabupaten Gunung Kidul (Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta) dan di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara (Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur) harga air bersih/minum relatif lebih mahal dibandingkan di daerah lain. Hal ini lebih disebabkan karena di daerah-daerah tersebut:

• penggunaan air oleh masyarakatnya berlebihan

• biaya investasi dan operasi oleh perusahaan air minumnya tinggi

• perusahaan air minum di daearh –daerah itu tidak efisien

• air merupakan barang langka

• airnya lebih bersih dan jernih dibandingkan air di daerah lain

Nowadays, farmers in villages are facing difficulties to find out livestock wastes to fertilize their fields. This phenomenon reflects that:

• such wastes have become an economic problem

• even villagers do not like the smell of their own livestock

• villagers are no longer interested in catering livestock

• villagers are forcedly utilize livestock wastes as staple foods

• livestock in villages do not emits wastes anymore now

Tentukanlah mana di antara keadaan-keadaan di bawah ini yang mencerminkan masalah ekonomi:

• rendahnya tingkat pendidikan penduduk dan produktivitas pekerja

• usangnya mesin-mesin pabrik dan rendahnya kapasitas produksi

• gencarnya penyelundupan barang dan peredaran uang palsu

• tidak tercukupinya bahan kebutuhan pokok dengan harga terjangkau

• semua hal yang disebutkan di atas

The followings are variables or factors that influence the demand for diskettes EXCEPT:

• the price of a diskette

• the price of a computer

• the income level of people

• the taste of consumers toward diskettes

• the age of citizens

Permintaaan akan durian di Medan ditunjukkan oleh persamaan Q=80 -2P, sedangkan penawarannya dicerminkan oleh persamaan Q = -120+8P. Huruf P melambangkan harga durian (dalam ribuan rupiah per buah), Q melambangkan jumlah durian (dalam buah). Harga keseimbangan dan jumlah keseimbangan pasar durian di Medan masing-masing adalah:

• harga = Rp20,00 per buah, sedangkan jumlah keseimbangan = 40 buah

• harga = Rp200,00 per buah, sedangkan jumlah keseimbangan = 40 buah

• harga = Rp2.000,00 per buah, sedangkan jumlah keseimbangan = 40 buah

• harga = Rp20.000,00 per buah, jumlah keseimbangan = 40 buah

• harga = Rp2.000,00 per buah, jumlah keseimbangan = 400 buah

Please, pay your attention to the following demand curve: PPrice ($ per unit) 40 Quantity (units) O800Q The appropriate equation for the above demand curve is:

• Q = 800 -20P

• Q = 800 -40P

• Q = 800 + 20P

• Q = 800 + 40P

• Q = 40 -800P

Suppose your utility in eating rambutans can be measured quantitatively. When eating 10 rambutans your total utility, say, is 400. Your total utility increased to 500 when eating 14 rambutans. Based on these two levels of consumption, it means that:

• your total utility becomes 900 accumulatively

• your marginal utility is 100

• your marginal utility is 25

• your average utility is 25

• your average utility is 100

In producing its outputs, a company can optimize its production scheme by using:

• the available raw materials to produce as many outputs as possible

• more raw materials to increase production efficiency

In producing its outputs, a company can optimize its production scheme by using:

• the available raw materials to produce as many outputs as possible

• more raw materials to produce as many outputs as possible

• more materials in order to produce more outputs

• a least number of raw materials to produce the most number of outputs

• the available materials to produce outputs as many as ordered

Among curves below, define which one is the demand curve faced by a company (producer, trader) in a perfect competition market:

• (a)

• (b)

• (c)

• (d)

• (e)