Approaches to psychology

What is the main concept behind social learning theory?

• Behavior is inherited genetically.

• All behavior is unlearned.

• Individuals learn behavior through observation and imitation.

• Criminal behavior is a result of personal choice.

Answer explanation

The main concept behind social learning theory is that individuals learn behavior through observation and imitation.

How did children react after observing an adult acting violently towards the Bobo doll?

• They showed no interest in the Bobo doll.

• They displayed increased levels of physical aggression towards the doll.

• They became fearful of the doll.

• They exhibited caring behavior towards the doll.

Answer explanation

Children displayed increased levels of physical aggression towards the Bobo doll after observing an adult acting violently, as seen in the Bobo doll experiment.

What does vicarious reinforcement mean in the context of social learning theory?

• Observing someone being rewarded for a behavior and then imitating it.

• Learning a behavior by being personally rewarded.

• Punishing someone for a behavior to discourage others.

• Ignoring bad behavior to reduce its occurrence.

Answer explanation

Vicarious reinforcement in social learning theory refers to observing someone being rewarded for a behavior and then imitating it.

The PSYCHODYNAMIC approach deals with:

• sugar cubes and lab rats and how they adapt to change in their environments

• psychopaths and their imaginary friends

• unconscious thoughts and feelings that affect human behavior

• how our genes influence our behavior

In Freud's structure of personality, which part contains our internalised sense of right and wrong?

Which part of our personality contains our instincts and is entirely selfish?

Which part of our personality mediates between the other two parts of our personality?

The BIOLOGICAL approach involves:

• trips to the zoo

• genes, hormones, processes of the brain

• dream interpretation

• early childhood experiences

Which of the following is thought to influence behaviour, according to biological psychologists?

• Biological structures

• Neurochemistry

• Genetics

• The unconscious mind

• The desire to achieve self-actualisation