The video tutorial explains the role of cofactors and coenzymes in enzyme activity. It introduces the concepts of holoenzymes and apoenzymes, using DNA and RNA polymerases as examples. The tutorial distinguishes between inorganic and organic cofactors, highlighting the role of metal ions and vitamins. It further explains the difference between prosthetic groups and coenzymes, emphasizing that many coenzymes are derived from vitamins.

What are non-protein components that some enzymes need to carry out biological reactions called?

• Inhibitors

• Substrates

• Cofactors

• Activators

What is an enzyme called when it is combined with its cofactor?

• Apoenzyme

• Holoenzyme

• Isoenzyme

• Proenzyme

Which ion is required by DNA polymerase for its function?

• Iron

• Zinc

• Magnesium

• Calcium

What is the RNA polymerase called when it is combined with the Sigma factor?

• Apoenzyme

• Proenzyme

• Holoenzyme

• Isoenzyme

Which metal ion does the enzyme carbonic anhydrase use as a cofactor?

• Zinc

• Copper

• Iron

• Magnesium

What is a tightly-bound organic cofactor called?

• Apoenzyme

• Coenzyme

• Holoenzyme

• Prosthetic group

What is an organic cofactor that is released after catalysis called?

• Holoenzyme

• Apoenzyme

• Coenzyme

• Prosthetic group

From what are most coenzymes derived?

• Minerals

• Proteins

• Vitamins

• Carbohydrates

Which of the following is an example of a coenzyme?

• ATP

• NADH

• DNA

• RNA