Module 27

Which of the following is/are correct?

• Mean arterial pressure = diastolic blood pressure + (1/2 x pulse pressure)

• Mean arterial pressure = cardiac output x total peripheral resistance

• Cerebral perfusion pressure = intracranial pressure - mean arterial pressure

• Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume

Which of the following is/are true regarding the ventricles of the brain?

• There are four lateral ventricles

• The cerebral aqueduct connects the third and fourth ventricles

• The third ventricle is between the left and right diencephelon

• The fourth ventricle communicates with the subarachnoid space through lateral apertures

Which of the following is/are true about cerebrospinal fluid?

• The average adult produces about 1 litre of cerebrospinal fluid daily

• Produced by the choroid plexus which is located only in the lateral ventricles

• Arachnoid granulations filter cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space into the dural venous sinus

• Cushions the brain and spinal cord

Which of the following is/are true about the middle meningeal artery?

• Runs within the dura

• Subdural haematoma is usually caused by bleeding from the middle meningeal artery

• Most common rupture site is at the pterion

• Normally has its origin from the maxillary artery

Which of the following images is/are typical of an extradural haematoma?

• 
• 
• 
• 

Which of the following measures help to reduce intracranial pressure?

• Hypoventilation

• Mannitol

• Evacuation of haematoma

• Warming the patient

Which of the following lists the correct hierarchy for determining a patient's medical treatment decision maker in Victoria?

• Appointed medical treatment decision maker > spouse

• Parent > adult child

• Adult sibling > parent

• Primary carer > adult child

The following is/are signs of raised intracranial pressure:

• Impaired level of consciousness

• Papilloedema

• Hypertension

• Bradycardia