Understanding Operating Systems

What is an operating system?

• An operating system is software that manages computer hardware and software resources.

• An operating system is a type of computer virus.

• An operating system is a programming language.

• An operating system is a type of hardware component.

Name three main functions of an operating system.

• Network security

• Data encryption

• 1. Resource management 2. User interface 3. Process management

• File management

What is the difference between a process and a thread?

• Threads cannot communicate with each other.

• A process is an independent execution unit with its own memory, while a thread is a lightweight unit of a process that shares memory with other threads.

• A process is always faster than a thread.

• A process can only run one thread at a time.

Explain the concept of multitasking in operating systems.

• Multitasking allows multiple processes to run concurrently on an operating system, enhancing efficiency and user experience.

• Multitasking is a feature that limits the number of applications open simultaneously.

• Multitasking refers to the ability of an operating system to run only background processes.

• Multitasking allows only one process to run at a time.

What is virtual memory and why is it used?

• Virtual memory is used to extend the available memory of a system, allowing for more efficient multitasking and the ability to run larger applications than the physical RAM alone would allow.

• Virtual memory allows a computer to run only one application at a time.

• Virtual memory is used to store data permanently on a hard drive.

• Virtual memory is a type of physical memory that is faster than RAM.

Describe the role of the kernel in an operating system.

• The kernel stores all user data and files.

• The kernel is a type of application software.

• The kernel manages system resources and facilitates communication between hardware and software.

• The kernel is responsible for user interface design.

What are system calls and how do they work?

• System calls are user-level functions that do not interact with the kernel.

• System calls are a type of hardware instruction.

• System calls are only used for network communication.

• System calls are interfaces for programs to request services from the operating system's kernel.

Define deadlock and provide an example.

• An example of deadlock is when Process A holds Resource 1 and waits for Resource 2, while Process B holds Resource 2 and waits for Resource 1.

• Deadlock is when multiple processes run simultaneously without any resource allocation.

• An example of deadlock is when a process runs indefinitely without waiting for resources.

• A deadlock occurs when a process completes its execution without any resource contention.

What is the purpose of a file system in an OS?

• The purpose of a file system in an OS is to manage data storage and retrieval.

• To enhance the graphical user interface of the OS.

• To provide internet connectivity for the OS.

• To manage hardware resources like CPU and memory.

How do operating systems manage hardware resources?

• Operating systems primarily focus on user interface design.

• Operating systems only manage software applications.

• Operating systems manage hardware resources by allocating CPU time, managing memory, controlling input/output devices, and handling storage.

• Operating systems do not interact with hardware directly.