Coastal Landscapes and Change - Threshold Test 3

What is the main component of depositional landforms that makes them vulnerable to change?

• Consolidated rock

• Unconsolidated sediment

• Solidified lava

• Metamorphic rock

What happens to water in rocks during the freeze-thaw process?

• It evaporates

• It contracts

• It expands by around 10%

• It solidifies without expansion

Which chemical reaction involves rainwater absorbing CO2 to form a weak carbonic acid?

• Oxidation

• Solution

• Carbonation

• Hydrolysis

What is the result of oxidation when minerals are exposed to air?

• Minerals become softer

• Minerals decrease in volume

• Minerals increase in volume

• Minerals dissolve completely

Which of the following is a factor that determines the type of mass movement?

• The angle of the slope/cliff

• The color of the rock

• The height of the cliff

• The age of the rock

What is the slowest but continuous form of mass movement?

• Soil creep

• Mudflows

• Rock falls

• Slumps

Which type of mass movement occurs mainly in tundra areas?

• Solifluction

• Rock slides

• Mudflows

• Soil creep

What happens during a slump?

• The soil is saturated with water, causing a rotation movement of soft materials

• Water flows between joints and bedding planes

• An increase in the water content of soil reduces friction

• Sediment keeps its same place within the whole material

How do temperature and climate influence weathering?

• Mechanical weathering is more common in colder climates

• Chemical weathering is more common in colder climates

• Temperature has no effect on weathering

• Climate only affects erosion, not weathering

What is the process called when waves turn and lose energy around a headland?

• Wave diffraction

• Wave reflection

• Wave refraction

• Wave absorption