2.2 Energy in the Earth System

Which of the following is NOT an important energy source for Earth systems?

• sun
• gravity
• nitrogen
• convection

Which of the following elements is NOT involved in the cycling of energy and matter on Earth?

• phosphorus
• gold
• nitrogen
• carbon

Evaporation, condensation, and precipitation are part of

• the water cycle
• the geosphere
• transpiration
• the atmosphere

Energy is transferred between systems, but it cannot be created or destroyed, according to the

• energy budget
• first law of thermodynamics
• second law of thermodynamics
• third law of thermodynamics

Which of the following is NOT one of the major processes in which energy and matter repeatedly move through a series of reservoirs?

• carbon cycle
• nitrogen cycle
• biocycle
• phosphorus cycle

Transpiration is one part of the

• ecosystem
• water cycle
• hydosphere
• biosphere

Because Earth’s interior is warmer than its surface layers, hot materials move toward the surface in a process called

• energy balancing
• convection
• energy transfer
• rotation

Carbon is stored as a type of rock called carbonate in the

• biosphere
• atmosphere
• hydrosphere
• geosphere

Approximately 70% of Earth’s surface is covered by the

• continental crust
• Moho
• mantle
• global ocean

A system in which both matter and energy are exchanged with the surrounding

• biosphere
• atmosphere
• open system

• hydrosphere