Ch 20, Part 3 - Lecture Objectives and Study Guide

Match the following descriptions with the correct blood flow sequence:

• Sequence: Arterioles to capillaries to postcapillary venules.

• Blood flows from capillaries to arterioles and exits via metarterioles.

• Sequence: Venules to arterioles to capillaries.

• Blood flows from metarterioles to venules and exits via arterioles.

• Sequence: Metarterioles to venules to arterioles.

• Blood flows from arterioles to capillaries and exits via postcapillary venules.

• Sequence: Capillaries to arterioles to metarterioles.

• Blood flows from venules to arterioles and exits via capillaries.

Degree of Vascularization: Degree of vascularization refers to the extent of blood vessel distribution in a tissue. (a)   have higher vascularization to support greater oxygen and nutrient demands.

• Muscles, the brain, and the heart
• Skin and bones
• Cartilage and tendons
• Hair and nails

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-1

Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels. It helps increase blood flow (perfusion) to tissues, especially in response to which of the following conditions?

• Increased metabolic demands

• Decreased metabolic demands

• Stable metabolic demands

• No metabolic demands

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Match the following scenarios with the corresponding vascular smooth muscle responses.

• Increased intravascular pressure.

• They remain unchanged.

• Stable intravascular pressure.

• They oscillate between contraction and relaxation.

• Fluctuating intravascular pressure.

• They relax to increase flow.

• Decreased intravascular pressure.

• They contract (vasoconstriction) to reduce flow.

Vasodilator vs. Vasoconstrictor: Which of the following substances is a vasodilator?

• Nitric oxide

• Endothelin

• Angiotensin II

• Bradykinin

Autoregulation of Local Blood Flow: Tissues regulate local blood flow based on metabolic needs through autoregulation. When metabolic byproducts like carbon dioxide or lactic acid accumulate, they act as (a)   to increase blood flow. Conversely, a decrease in metabolic activity reduces blood flow via vasoconstriction.

• Vasodilation increases blood flow.
• Vasoconstriction increases blood fl
• Metabolic byproducts decrease blood
• Autoregulation decreases metabolic

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Match the following statements with their corresponding effects during tissue damage or inflammation.

• Increases blood flow to promote healing and immune defense.

• Blood flow decreases to the affected area.

• Reduces the supply of immune cells to the site.

• Vasoconstrictors like histamine and prostaglandins are released.

• Prevents essential elements from reaching the injury.

• Nutrients and oxygen are removed from the site of injury.

• Decreases blood flow and restricts nutrient delivery.

• Vasodilators like histamine and prostaglandins are released.

Relationship of Total Blood Flow to Local Blood Flow: Total blood flow refers to the volume of blood pumped by the heart (cardiac output), while local blood flow refers to the distribution of blood to specific tissues. Local flow is adjusted based on tissue needs, but overall, it is constrained by total blood flow.

• Local blood flow is independent of total blood flow.

• Local blood flow is constrained by total blood flow.

• Total blood flow is adjusted based on local tissue needs.

• Total blood flow and local blood flow are unrelated.

Resistance in the context of blood flow is (a)  

• The force opposing blood flow throu
• The speed at which blood flows thro
• The volume of blood flowing through
• The pressure exerted by blood on th

Which of the following are factors that influence resistance in blood flow?

• Blood viscosity

• Vessel length

• Vessel diameter

• All of the above