Cardiology basics

Blood pressure = ​ (a)  

• CO * VR
• VR * SV
• HR * SV
• HR * VR

CO= ​ (a)  

• SV * HR
• CO * VR
• VR * HR
• SV * VR

Label the following

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

PS or SAS

Decreased Inotropy

Increased afterload

Decreased lusitropy

PDA, VSD or mitral or tricuspid defect

HCM or Pericardial effusion w/ tamponade

Systemic or pulmonary hypertension

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM)

Increases preload

MMVD or endocarditis

Concentric hypertrophy appears as an increased wall thickness and small chamber

What is associated with this abnormality?

• Pressure overload disease

• Volume overload disease

Eccentric hypertrophy appears as a normal wall thickness with a dilated chamber.

What is associated with this abnormality?

• Pressure overload disease

• Volume overload disease

Match the following:

• DCM "lub-dub-ah"

  Apical

• Precordial thrill

• HCM "ba-lub-dub"

  Basilar

• Precordium

• ability to feel vibrations of a murmur

• S4 gallop

• palpation of the chest wall

• S3 gallop

What is the first grade of heart murmur where a precordial thrill is noted

What are the 4 components that are associated with heart murmur descriptions

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Answer explanation

Grade (1-6)

Location = loft or right + apex or base

Timing (systolic, diastolic or continuous)

Quality

A heart murmur that is classified as continuous is specific for what?

What 3 features are used to evaluate arterial pulses?

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Answer explanation

Strength- palpable pulse pressure (difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressures)

• - normokinetic (adequate, strong)

• - Hypokinetic (weak, thready)

• - Hyperkinetic (bounding, water hammer)

• Synchronous- hearing the heartbeat that is almost immediately followed by a palpable pulse

• Symmetrical- right and left arterial pulses are the same strength