Cardiology basics

Blood pressure = ​ (a)  

• CO * VR
• VR * SV
• HR * SV
• HR * VR

CO= ​ (a)  

• SV * HR
• CO * VR
• VR * HR
• SV * VR

Label the following

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

Increased afterload

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM)

Increases preload

PDA, VSD or mitral or tricuspid defect

MMVD or endocarditis

Decreased lusitropy

PS or SAS

Systemic or pulmonary hypertension

Decreased Inotropy

HCM or Pericardial effusion w/ tamponade

Concentric hypertrophy appears as an increased wall thickness and small chamber

What is associated with this abnormality?

• Pressure overload disease

• Volume overload disease

Eccentric hypertrophy appears as a normal wall thickness with a dilated chamber.

What is associated with this abnormality?

• Pressure overload disease

• Volume overload disease

Match the following:

• palpation of the chest wall

• Precordium

• ability to feel vibrations of a murmur

• S4 gallop

• HCM "ba-lub-dub"

  Basilar

• S3 gallop

• DCM "lub-dub-ah"

  Apical

• Precordial thrill

What is the first grade of heart murmur where a precordial thrill is noted

(a)  

What are the 4 components that are associated with heart murmur descriptions

Answer explanation

Grade (1-6)

Location = loft or right + apex or base

Timing (systolic, diastolic or continuous)

Quality

A heart murmur that is classified as continuous is specific for what?

(a)  

What 3 features are used to evaluate arterial pulses?

Answer explanation

Strength- palpable pulse pressure (difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressures)

• - normokinetic (adequate, strong)

• - Hypokinetic (weak, thready)

• - Hyperkinetic (bounding, water hammer)

• Synchronous- hearing the heartbeat that is almost immediately followed by a palpable pulse

• Symmetrical- right and left arterial pulses are the same strength