Cardiology basics

Blood pressure = ​ (a)  

• CO * VR
• VR * SV
• HR * SV
• HR * VR

CO= ​ (a)  

• SV * HR
• CO * VR
• VR * HR
• SV * VR

Label the following

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

HCM or Pericardial effusion w/ tamponade

PS or SAS

Increased afterload

MMVD or endocarditis

Systemic or pulmonary hypertension

Decreased lusitropy

Increases preload

PDA, VSD or mitral or tricuspid defect

Decreased Inotropy

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM)

Concentric hypertrophy appears as an increased wall thickness and small chamber

What is associated with this abnormality?

• Pressure overload disease

• Volume overload disease

Eccentric hypertrophy appears as a normal wall thickness with a dilated chamber.

What is associated with this abnormality?

• Pressure overload disease

• Volume overload disease

Match the following:

• ability to feel vibrations of a murmur

• S3 gallop

• palpation of the chest wall

• Precordial thrill

• HCM "ba-lub-dub"

  Basilar

• S4 gallop

• DCM "lub-dub-ah"

  Apical

• Precordium

What is the first grade of heart murmur where a precordial thrill is noted

What are the 4 components that are associated with heart murmur descriptions

Answer explanation

Grade (1-6)

Location = loft or right + apex or base

Timing (systolic, diastolic or continuous)

Quality

A heart murmur that is classified as continuous is specific for what?

What 3 features are used to evaluate arterial pulses?

Answer explanation

Strength- palpable pulse pressure (difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressures)

• - normokinetic (adequate, strong)

• - Hypokinetic (weak, thready)

• - Hyperkinetic (bounding, water hammer)

• Synchronous- hearing the heartbeat that is almost immediately followed by a palpable pulse

• Symmetrical- right and left arterial pulses are the same strength