The Enlightenment

The European philosophical movement that emphasized natural rights and valued reason was known as:

• Enlightenment

• Reformation

• Renaissance

• Scientific Revolution

The philosophical idea that people are willing to give up some individual freedoms in the interests of law and order is known as:

• absolutism

• natural law

• the social contract

• Enlightenment

Which philosopher proposed that the role of government is to ensure the natural rights of the people? 

• Voltaire

• Montesquieu

• Rousseau

• John Locke

Which Enlightenment thinker believed that all human beings had a right to life, liberty, and property?

• Thomas Hobbes

• Rousseau

• John Locke

• Montesquieu

Rousseau and Hobbes differed in that Rousseau supported _________ while Hobbes supported __________.

• monarchy; democracy

• fascism; communism

• democracy; monarchy

• fascism, democracy

What was Montesquieu's influence on the U.S. Constitution?

• A constitutional monarchy

• the Bill of Rights

• three branches of government, each with separate powers

• A strong powerful president

Which of the following Enlightenment thinkers wrote to improve the position of women in European society?

• Voltaire

• Becaria

• Wollstonecraft

• Locke

In general, Enlightenment thinkers would have believed that people:

• were capable of becoming well educated

• were capable of leading themselves

• should not live under the authority of an all-powerful monarch

• All of the above

Which philosopher believed that humans are naturally selfish and that an absolute monarchy is the best form of government?

• John Locke

• Thomas Hobbes

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• Karl Marx

Which document is most influenced by John Locke's theory of natural rights?

• The Magna Carta

• The Articles of Confederation

• The U.S. Constitution

• The Declaration of Independence