Unit 2 Review ~ Chapter 3(II)

What is the complementary DNA strand for C T A A T G?

• G A T T A C

• G A T T A G

• C T A A T G

• T A C C G T

Answer explanation

The complementary DNA strand is formed by pairing A with T and C with G. For the sequence C T A A T G, the complementary bases are G A T T A C, making it the correct answer.

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, ensuring each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes?

• G1 phase

• S phase

• G2 phase

• M phase

Answer explanation

DNA replication occurs before mitosis, not during it, but it does involve the separation of the double strands, resulting in two DNA molecules: one old strand and one new strand.

Which type of muscle tissue is consciously controlled?

• Cardiac muscle

• Skeletal muscle

• Smooth muscle

• Connective tissue

Answer explanation

Skeletal muscle is the only type of muscle tissue that is consciously controlled, allowing for voluntary movements. In contrast, cardiac and smooth muscles operate involuntarily.

What does the root 'adip-' refer to?

• Bone

• Fat

• Muscle

• Skin

Answer explanation

The root 'adip-' comes from Latin, meaning 'fat'. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Fat', as it directly relates to this root.

The root 'an-' is associated with which of the following meanings?

• Without

• With

• Above

• Below

Answer explanation

The root 'an-' means 'without', as seen in words like 'anemia' (without blood). Therefore, the correct choice is 'Without'.

Which meaning is related to the root 'cata-'?

• Down

• Up

• Across

• Around

Answer explanation

The root 'cata-' comes from Greek, meaning 'down' or 'against'. Therefore, the correct choice related to 'cata-' is 'Down', as it signifies a downward direction or movement.

What does the root 'chondr-' signify?

• A) Cartilage

• B) Bone

• C) Blood

• D) Tissue

Answer explanation

The root 'chondr-' comes from Greek, meaning 'cartilage'. Therefore, the correct answer is A) Cartilage, as it specifically refers to the flexible connective tissue found in various parts of the body.

The root 'epi-' is used to denote which of the following?

• Above

• Below

• Inside

• Outside

Answer explanation

The root 'epi-' comes from Greek, meaning 'above' or 'upon'. It is commonly used in terms like 'epidermis' (the outer layer of skin), indicating its meaning aligns with 'above' rather than 'below', 'inside', or 'outside'.

What is the meaning of the root '-glia'?

• Glue

• Fiber

• Cell

• Tissue

Answer explanation

The root '-glia' comes from the Greek word for 'glue'. In biology, it refers to the supportive cells in the nervous system, which act like glue to hold neurons together, making 'Glue' the correct answer.

The root 'macro-' refers to which of the following?

• Large

• Small

• Medium

• Tiny

Answer explanation

The root 'macro-' comes from Greek, meaning 'large' or 'long'. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Large', as it signifies something that is big in size or scale.