chpt 3 Biopsych

Which of the following statements accurately describes the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

• The sympathetic nervous system generally promotes rest and digestion, while the parasympathetic nervous system prepares the body for fight or flight responses.

• The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for increasing heart rate, while the parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart rate.

• The sympathetic nervous system operates primarily during sleep, while the parasympathetic nervous system is active during waking states.

• The sympathetic nervous system primarily uses acetylcholine, while the parasympathetic system uses norepinephrine.

What is the primary cause of hydrocephalus?

• Overproduction of cerebrospinal fluid.

• Excessive absorption of cerebrospinal fluid.

• Damage to brain tissue due to trauma.

• Obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid pathways.

The spinal cord primarily communicates with which of the following structures?

• The brain only.

• The peripheral nervous system through spinal nerves.

• The autonomic nervous system exclusively.

• The cranial nerves only.

What is the primary function of the choroid plexus?

• To produce neurotransmitters.

• To serve as a barrier between blood and brain.

• To filter blood and produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

• To regulate hormone levels in the brain.

What does the binding problem in neuroscience refer to?

• The challenge of integrating information from different sensory modalities.

• The difficulty in neural communication over long distances.

• The issue of neurotransmitter degradation at synapses.

• The process of action potential generation in neurons.

What is the primary function of the thalamus?

• To control motor functions.

• To regulate body temperature and hunger.

• To produce hormones that regulate sleep.

• To serve as a relay station for sensory information before it reaches the cerebral cortex.

What does functional MRI (fMRI) primarily measure in the brain?

• Blood flow and oxygenation levels related to neural activity.

• Electrical activity of neurons directly.

• Structural changes in brain tissue over time.

• Levels of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft.

What do evoked potentials measure?

• The spontaneous electrical activity of the brain.

• The response of the brain to specific sensory stimuli.

• The activity of specific neurotransmitters.

• The structural integrity of neuronal connections.

How do the brain hemispheres receive sensory input?

• The left hemisphere only receives input from the left side of the body (ipsilateral).

• Both hemispheres primarily receive input from the same side of the body.

• Sensory input is distributed evenly between both hemispheres regardless of side.

• The right hemisphere receives input from the left side of the body (contralateral), and vice versa.

What type of imaging is computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT) primarily used for?

• Monitoring dynamic changes in blood flow.

• Assessing electrical activity of the brain.

• Detailed visualization of brain structures through X-ray technology.

• Functional imaging to assess brain activity in real-time.