Cellular Network Concepts and multiple access

What is the primary purpose of frequency reuse in cellular networks?

• To increase the number of available channels

• To reduce the size of cells

• To enhance data transmission speed

• To improve signal strength

Which cell shape is considered a conceptual model for radio coverage?

• Square

• Circle

• Hexagon

• Triangle

What type of antennas are used for Central Excited Cells?

• Directional antennas

• Parabolic antennas

• Sectored-directional antennas

• Omni-directional antennas

In Dynamic Channel Assignment (DCA), how are channels allocated?

• Based on a fixed schedule

• Based on user requests

• Based on geographical location

• Based on historical data

What is the term for the time a call can be maintained within a cell without a handoff?

• Call Duration

• Signal Time

• Dwell Time

• Handoff Time

Which type of handoff occurs when a subscriber moves from one cell to another served by a different MSC?

• Intra-cell Handover

• Inter-cell-Intra BSC Handover

• Inter-cell-Inter BSC Handover

• Inter MSC Handover

What is the main disadvantage of Hard Handoff?

• It can cause call drops

• It uses more resources

• It requires more time

• It is more complex

What does the term 'Guard Channel' refer to in handoff prioritization?

• Channels that are always active

• Channels reserved for handoff requests

• Channels used for emergency calls

• Channels reserved for new calls

Which multiple access technique allows users to share the same frequency band without interference?

• Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA)

• Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)

• Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)

• Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)

What is the primary function of Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD)?

• To increase channel capacity

• To minimize interference

• To allow simultaneous transmission and reception

• To reduce handoff time