Understanding Aggression and Its Theories

What is the primary difference between hostile aggression and instrumental aggression?

• Hostile aggression is goal-oriented, while instrumental aggression is driven by emotion.

• Hostile aggression is driven by emotion, while instrumental aggression is goal-oriented.

• Both are driven by emotion.

• Both are goal-oriented.

Which of the following best describes assertive behaviour?

• Aggressive and confrontational.

• Passive and submissive.

• Confident and respectful.

• Indifferent and detached.

According to instinct theory, aggression is:

• A learned behaviour.

• An innate drive.

• A result of frustration.

• A social construct.

The concept of catharsis in relation to aggression suggests that:

• Aggression is reduced by expressing it.

• Aggression is increased by expressing it.

• Aggression is unrelated to expression.

• Aggression is a learned behaviour.

The frustration-aggression hypothesis proposes that:

• Frustration always leads to aggression.

• Aggression always leads to frustration.

• Frustration sometimes leads to aggression.

• Aggression is unrelated to frustration.

Which of the following is an example of instrumental aggression?

• A football player tackling an opponent to win the game.

• A person shouting in anger after being insulted.

• A child throwing a tantrum when denied a toy.

• A driver honking in traffic out of frustration.

What is a key criticism of the frustration-aggression hypothesis?

• It ignores the role of learned behaviour.

• It overemphasises the role of biological factors.

• It suggests aggression is always a direct result of frustration.

• It does not account for emotional responses.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of assertive behaviour?

• Clear communication.

• Respect for others.

• Passive-aggressiveness.

• Confidence.

In the context of aggression, what does the term "catharsis" refer to?

• The suppression of aggressive impulses.

• The expression of aggressive impulses to reduce them.

• The avoidance of aggressive situations.

• The reinforcement of aggressive behaviour.