Exploring Temperature and Kinetic Energy

Define kinetic energy and explain its relationship with the motion of particles.

• Kinetic energy is the energy stored in an object due to its position.

• Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion.

• Kinetic energy is the energy released during a chemical reaction.

• Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its temperature.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Describe how the kinetic energy of particles in a substance changes as the temperature increases.

• The kinetic energy decreases because particles move slower at higher temperatures.

• The kinetic energy remains constant because temperature does not affect particle motion.

• The kinetic energy increases because particles move faster at higher temperatures.

• The kinetic energy decreases because particles move faster at higher temperatures.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

A student claims that heating a substance increases the speed of its particles. Design a simple experiment to test this claim.

• Measure the temperature of a substance and observe no change in particle speed.

• Heat a substance and use a motion sensor to detect increased particle speed.

• Cool a substance and observe increased particle speed.

• Heat a substance and observe decreased particle speed.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Analyze the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy in a car engine. How does this relationship affect the engine's performance?

• Higher temperature decreases kinetic energy, reducing engine efficiency.

• Higher temperature increases kinetic energy, improving engine efficiency.

• Lower temperature increases kinetic energy, improving engine efficiency.

• Temperature has no effect on kinetic energy or engine performance.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Evaluate the impact of temperature changes on the kinetic energy of particles in a gas. How does this affect the pressure of the gas in a closed container?

• Increased temperature decreases kinetic energy, lowering gas pressure.

• Increased temperature increases kinetic energy, raising gas pressure.

• Decreased temperature increases kinetic energy, raising gas pressure.

• Temperature changes do not affect kinetic energy or gas pressure.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Design a model to demonstrate the effect of temperature on the kinetic energy of particles in a liquid. What observations would you expect to make?

• Particles move slower as temperature increases, indicating decreased kinetic energy.

• Particles move faster as temperature increases, indicating increased kinetic energy.

• Particles move at the same speed regardless of temperature changes.

• Particles move slower as temperature decreases, indicating increased kinetic energy.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

A scientist observes that the temperature of a solid increases. Predict how this will affect the kinetic energy of the particles and the state of the solid.

• Kinetic energy decreases, and the solid becomes a liquid.

• Kinetic energy increases, and the solid remains unchanged.

• Kinetic energy increases, and the solid may melt into a liquid.

• Kinetic energy decreases, and the solid becomes a gas.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Analyze how the kinetic energy of particles in a liquid changes when the liquid is cooled. What implications does this have for the liquid's state?

• Kinetic energy increases, causing the liquid to freeze.

• Kinetic energy decreases, causing the liquid to freeze.

• Kinetic energy remains constant, and the liquid stays the same.

• Kinetic energy decreases, causing the liquid to evaporate.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Consider a scenario where a gas is compressed in a cylinder. Explain how this affects the kinetic energy of the gas particles and the temperature of the gas.

• Kinetic energy decreases, and the temperature decreases.

• Kinetic energy increases, and the temperature increases.

• Kinetic energy remains constant, and the temperature decreases.

• Kinetic energy decreases, and the temperature increases.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Evaluate the role of kinetic energy in the process of convection in fluids. How does temperature influence this process?

• Higher temperature decreases kinetic energy, reducing convection.

• Higher temperature increases kinetic energy, enhancing convection.

• Lower temperature increases kinetic energy, enhancing convection.

• Temperature has no effect on kinetic energy or convection.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking