Bio Lab chapter 3 and 4

is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all living organisms. It is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently.

• cell

• organelle

• plasma membrane

• cytoplasm

are specialized structures within a cell that perform distinct processes. They are often membrane-bound and include structures such as the nucleus. mitochondria, and ribosomes.

• cell

• organelle

• plasma membrane

• cytoplasm

is a lipid bilayer that surrounds the cell, providing a barrier between the inside of the cell and its external environment. It regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

• cell

• organelle

• plasma membrane

• cytoplasm

is the jelly- like substance within the cell, excluding the nucleus. It contains organelles and is the site of most cellular activities.

• cell

• organelle

• plasma membrane

• cytoplasm

is a network of membranes within the cell. These are two types: rough ER (with ribosomes) involved in protein synthesis and processing, and smooth ER( without ribsomes) invovled in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

• ribosome

• Mitochondrion

• golgi complex

are small structures made of RNA and proteins. They are the sites of protein synthesis, translating genetic information from mRNA to build proteins.

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

• ribosome

• Mitochondrion

• golgi complex

are the powerhouse of the cell, generating ATP (energy) through cellular respiration. They have their own DNA and are involved in energy metabolism

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

• ribosome

• Mitochondrion

• golgi complex

is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

• ribosome

• Mitochondrion

• golgi complex

are membrane- bound organelles containing digestive enzymes. They break down waste materials and cellular debris

• lysosome

• centrioles

• nucleus

• nuclear envelope

are cylindrical structures involved in cell divisions. They help in the formation of the spindle fibers that separate chromosomes during mitosis

• lysosome

• centrioles

• nucleus

• nuclear envelope