Biomolecules & Enzymes Test

In a biology class, Elijah is learning about proteins. What does a protein's structure determine?

• its amino acids

• its nutritional value

• its pH

• its function in a cell

Answer explanation

A protein's structure is crucial as it determines its function in a cell. The specific arrangement of amino acids leads to unique shapes, which in turn dictate how proteins interact with other molecules and perform their roles.

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Evelyn, a biology student, drew a simple illustration to show how a protein’s structure determines its function and how it relates to the structure and function in a cell. She indicated the protein structure with an arrow. What function would the protein shown in her illustration below play in a cell?

Match each macromolecule with its function(s).

• Proteins

• Support structures (hair, muscles, cell membranes, skin)

  Speed up reactions (enzymes)

  Send messages (hormones)

• Lipids

• Stores and transmits genetic information

• Carbohydrates

• Stores excess energy

  Makes up cell membrane

  Insulation/Cushion

• Nucleic Acids

• Main source of energy

  Quick access energy

Based on its function, identify the type of organic molecule luciferase is AND what role it plays in the structure of the cell.

Michael and Hannah are studying cell biology and learn that glycoproteins and glycolipids are often found within the cell membrane and contain a chain of carbohydrates.

Although they are anchored on different molecules, they still share the same function of

• Transporting molecules in and out of the cell

• Removing waste from the cell

• Regulating gene expression

• Aiding in cell communication

Answer explanation

Glycoproteins and glycolipids, despite being anchored to different molecules, play a crucial role in cell communication by facilitating interactions between cells and their environment.

Emma is considering a health supplement for her dog that claims to build lean muscle and strengthen tendons and ligaments, as well as provide energy. Which two biomolecules must the supplement contain to provide these benefits?

• carbohydrates and lipids

• proteins and carbohydrates

• nucleic acids and carbohydrates

• lipids and nucleic acids

Answer explanation

Proteins are essential for building lean muscle and strengthening tendons and ligaments, while carbohydrates provide energy. Therefore, the supplement must contain proteins and carbohydrates to deliver these benefits.

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A student preparing for a hike wants to pack a snack that has biomolceules that provide quickly available energy but few excess calories. Which nutrition label lists the best combination of biomolecules that provide quickly available energy while providing the fewest calories from other types of biomolecules?

• 
• 
• 
• 

Helicase is an example of a biomolecule that can destroy bonds between DNA strands during DNA replication.

What biomolecule is helicase?

• Carbohydrate

• Lipid

• Protein

• Nucleic Acid

Answer explanation

Helicase is a type of enzyme that unwinds DNA strands during replication, which classifies it as a protein. Proteins are essential biomolecules that perform various functions, including catalyzing biochemical reactions.

Abigail is preparing for her biology exam and decides to make a Venn Diagram to compare functions of carbohydrates and lipids. Which cellular function of carbohydrates and lipids should be placed in the shared section of the Venn Diagram? 

• Hormone production

• Structural support of the cell walls

• Energy

• Catalyst for chemical reactions

Answer explanation

Both carbohydrates and lipids serve as energy sources for the cell, making 'Energy' the shared function in the Venn Diagram. Other options like hormone production and structural support are specific to one type.

Match the fucntions with the correct biomolecule.

a

b

c

d

Longer term energy

Contains Genetic information

Fast/quick term energy

Muscle growth/repair

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