UNIT 2 Review - 2 answers

The diagram below shows what occurs when a ray of light strikes and enters a pond. Which property of light is illustrated when the rays enter the pond?

• Refraction

• Absorption

Answer explanation

The property illustrated when the rays enter the pond is refraction. This occurs because light changes speed and direction as it moves from air into the water, bending the rays in the process.

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NGSS.MS-PS4-2

The energy generated by the Sun travels to Earth as electromagnetic radiation. Which statement describes electromagnetic radiation with a long wavelength?

• It has a low frequency and can travel through empty space

• It has a low frequency and requires a medium to travel through

Answer explanation

Electromagnetic radiation with a long wavelength has a low frequency and can travel through empty space, unlike sound waves which require a medium. Thus, the correct choice is that it has a low frequency and can travel through empty space.

The Sun radiates light energy that is both visible and invisible to humans. Which statement describes how the visible light from the Sun is different from other forms of electromagnetic radiation?

• It has different amplitudes

• It has different wavelengths

Answer explanation

Visible light from the Sun has different wavelengths compared to other forms of electromagnetic radiation. This is what distinguishes it from infrared, ultraviolet, and other types, which have longer or shorter wavelengths.

Which of the following statements explains the only form of technology that can detect images in space?

• These telescopes are the only form of technology that can detect images in space.

• These telescopes can capture images in all form of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Answer explanation

The correct choice states that telescopes can capture images in all forms of the electromagnetic spectrum, which includes visible light and other wavelengths. This highlights their comprehensive imaging capability in space.

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NGSS.HS-PS4-4

How would scientists describe the properties of Star X compared to the Sun?

• Star X is brighter and hotter than the Sun

• Star X is dimmer and cooler than the Sun

Answer explanation

Scientists describe Star X as brighter and hotter than the Sun, indicating it has a higher luminosity and temperature, which are key properties in stellar classification.

Students in Ms. Wilson’s class were investigating variables that affect the speed of sound waves, light waves, and other waves. Which of the following variables should students investigate to observe how waves travel at different speeds?

• The energy of traveling waves

• The type of matter through which the waves travel

Answer explanation

The speed of waves is influenced by the medium they travel through. Different materials (solids, liquids, gases) have varying densities and elastic properties, affecting how fast sound and light waves propagate.

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NGSS.MS-PS4-2

Light travels through different mediums at varying speeds. Which of the following statements is correct?

• Light travels slowest through solids, faster through liquids and fastest through gases.

• Light travels fastest through solids, slower through liquids and slowest through gases.

Answer explanation

Light travels slowest through solids due to closely packed particles, faster through liquids, and fastest through gases where particles are more spread out, allowing light to move more freely.

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NGSS.MS-PS4-2

Which of the following describes the structure of the Sun from the innermost layer to the outermost layer?

• Core, radiative zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, corona

• Core, convection zone, photosphere, radiative zone, corona, chromosphere

Answer explanation

The correct order of the Sun's structure from innermost to outermost is: Core, radiative zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, and corona. This sequence reflects the layers' arrangement based on their formation and characteristics.

The table below shows the range of frequencies, in Hertz (Hz), for part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Which of the following types of radiation has the longest wavelength?

• Infrared

• Ultraviolet

Answer explanation

Infrared radiation has the longest wavelength among the options provided. Wavelength is inversely related to frequency; lower frequencies correspond to longer wavelengths, making infrared the correct choice.

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NGSS.HS-PS4-1

The stars Rigel and Betelgeuse are both found in the Orion Constellation. Rigel is a blue supergiant and Betelgeuse is a red supergiant. Which of the following correctly compares the temperature of Rigel and Betelgeuse?

• Rigel is hotter than Betelgeuse because blue stars are hotter than red stars.

• Betelgeuse is hotter than Rigel because red stars are hotter than blue stars.

Answer explanation

Rigel is hotter than Betelgeuse because blue stars are generally hotter than red stars. This is a fundamental characteristic of stellar classification, where temperature increases with the color spectrum from red to blue.