Lesson 11: OpenSciEd® 7.1 Chemical Reactions & Matter

What term did scientists use to describe the process of atoms being rearranged to form new substances?

• Chemical reaction

• Physical change

• Mechanical process

• Natural reaction

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Dalton’s model showed that vinegar and sugar molecules are composed of:

• Atoms of different elements

• Only carbon atoms

• Only hydrogen atoms

• Atoms of the same element

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What did Dalton conclude about the gases produced in the investigation?

• They contained carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

• They were made up of only water molecules.

• They contained gold, silver, and copper.

• They were made up of nitrogen and sulfur.

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What did Dalton conclude about water when it was broken down using a battery?

• It produced 2 new substances.

• It became a single new substance.

• It remained unchanged.

• It turned into ice.

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How did Dalton’s experiments support the idea that atoms cannot be destroyed in a chemical reaction?

• The mass of substances in a closed system never changed.

• Atoms changed color during reactions.

• The temperature always increased.

• The appearance of new types of atoms

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What patterns might you notice when comparing molecular structures of different substances?

• Different substances have unique combinations and numbers of atoms.

• All substances have the same number of atoms.

• Molecular structures are identical in all substances.

• No noticeable patterns

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What did scientists conclude when they could make water out of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas?

• Atoms can be put together to make a compound particle.

• Energy cannot be transformed.

• Gases cannot react with each other.

• Water is an indestructible element.

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How did scientists come to realize water can be made from hydrogen and oxygen gases?

• By combining hydrogen and oxygen with energy to form water droplets

• By mixing hydrogen and nitrogen gases

• By boiling hydrogen gas on its own

• Through observing naturally occurring rivers

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How does Dalton’s initial proposal about water molecules differ from the modern understanding?

• Dalton proposed it was made of one hydrogen and one oxygen atom, which is incorrect.

• Dalton proposed it was made of 3 hydrogen atoms, which is incorrect.

• Dalton thought water molecules had no oxygen atoms.

• Dalton proposed water molecules were not made of atoms at all.

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What did scientists observe when combining hydrogen and oxygen gases to form water? Support your choice with a reasoned explanation.

• Combining hydrogen and oxygen gases caused an explosion and formed water droplets.

• Combining hydrogen and oxygen gases produced only hydrogen gas.

• Combining hydrogen and oxygen gases resulted in the mass of the system changing significantly.

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