Pragmatics and Semantics. Quiz

What are the primary types of deixis, and how do they affect the interpretation of sentences?

• The deixic expressions are "I," "you," "here," and "tomorrow." They refer to the speaker, listener, place, and time, but their meanings don’t change with context.

• The deixic expressions "I" and "you" refer to specific people, while "here" and "tomorrow" refer to specific locations and times, which change depending on the situation.

• The deixic expressions are "I," "you," "here," and "tomorrow." "I" refers to the speaker, "you" to the listener, "here" is the location of the speaker, and "tomorrow" indicates the day following the current one. Each expression's reference can vary significantly depending on the context of the utterance

• The deixic expressions are "I," "you," refer to specific locations and times, which change depending on the situation.

What is an anaphoric reference in a sentence? Explain the anaphora in "Emily forgot her book, and she couldn't find it."

• "Emily" is the anaphoric reference, and "it" refers to "Emily."

• "She" serves as the anaphoric reference to "Emily," while "it" refers to "her book." This use of pronouns is essential for maintaining cohesion in discourse and avoids the need for repetitive naming.

What role does deixis play in the sentence "Look at that car over there"? How does the meaning change with different speakers?

• The deictic expression "that" depends on the perspective of the speaker and can refer to different cars depending on who is speaking and their location.

• The meaning remains the same regardless of the speaker. "That car" always refers to a specific car.

• The expression "that" in "Look at that car over there" changes meaning based on the speaker's location and point of view.

In the sentence "Jane saw Mary and she waved," identify the anaphoric reference.

• "Jane" refers back to "Mary," allowing the sentence to avoid repetition and making it flow more naturally.

• "Jane" is the anaphoric reference, which makes the sentence more complex.

• The anaphoric reference "she" refers back to "Mary," which helps avoid redundancy and maintains cohesion within the discourse, making the communication more efficient.

What are the different types of context that influence meaning in pragmatic analysis&

• The context is only linguistic; surrounding language defines meaning.

• Different types of context include linguistic context (language used), situational context (the physical situation), social context (relationships and norms), and cultural context (shared beliefs and customs), all of which shape meaning.

What are deictic expressions, and how do they differ from non-deictic expressions in terms of meaning?

• Deictic expressions refer to fixed meanings that are universally understood, while non-deictic expressions do not indicate any relational context.

• Deictic expressions are words or phrases whose meanings depend on context, such as "here," "you," and "now," whereas non-deictic expressions have fixed referents regardless of context.

What is the primary focus of semantics?

• The study of language use in context.

• The meaning of linguistic expressions and their relation to the world.

• The social implications of communication.

• The structure of language.

What does pragmatics deal with?

• The grammatical structure of a sentence.

• Ambiguity in word meanings.

• Meaning of words in the context. for example, a speaker's sarcasm in uttering a compliment.

• The definition of a term in the dictionary.

How do semantics and pragmatics differ?

• Semantics is concerned with connotation, while pragmatics is not.

• Semantics deals with the meanings of words, whereas pragmatics involves context and inference.

• There is no difference; they are the same field.

• Semantics focuses on syntax, while pragmatics focuses on morphology.

What is implicature in pragmatics?

• An implication that arises from context rather than explicit communication.

• A direct statement that conveys clear meaning.

• A type of semantic ambiguity.

• A type of semantic ambiguity.