Unit 2 Chapter 1

What were the challenges of living in these types of buildings? Select the two correct answers

• They had little fresh air or sunlight.

• They lacked sufficient plumbing.

• They were expensive to build.

• They were made of bricks

• They caused air pollution

Why did businesses use vertical integration?

• to raise hourly wages

• to control an entire industry

• to avoid paying federal taxes

• to own all levels of production

What tasks did workers like these do in factories?

• adding laces to finished shoes

• fixing broken thread on machines

• picking small bits of coal from piles

• sewing buttons onto shirts and pants

What was one outcome of this event?

• Unions held peaceful protests against police violence

• Unions used lockouts to negotiate for shorter workweeks.

• Employers hired detectives to spy on labor union activities

• Employers claimed the labor movement was full of radicals

This, then, is held to be the duty of the man of wealth: To set an example of modest, unostentatious

living . . . ; to provide moderately for the legitimate wants of those dependent upon him; and, after doing

so, to consider all surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds, which is called upon to

administer, and strictly bound as a matter of duty to administer in the manner which, in his judgment, is

best calculated to produce the most beneficial results for the community.

—from “The Gospel of Wealth”

Based on this excerpt, which term would the author use to describe himself?

• industrialist

• entrepreneur

• robber baron

• philanthropist

Which of the following can be attributed to Cornelius Vanderbilt?

• made water travel faster and cheaper

• offered rail service from New York to Chicago

• arranged numerous mergers between corporations

• kept costs low by owning mines and mills in Pennsylvania

Which of the following can be attributed to John D. Rockefeller?

• owned about 90 percent of the oil refineries in the United States

• established one of the most influential banks in the United States

• provided necessary capital to grow fledgling industries

• built an empire by selling hair care products

Why is Madam C. J. Walker significant?

• She organized a labor union for garment workers

• She started a successful business producing clothing

• She was a role model for self-made women entrepreneurs.

• She donated hundreds of millions of dollars to build libraries.

How did laissez-faire government contribute to the Second Industrial Revolution?

• It increased labor costs

• It decreased crop production

• It left businesses unregulated

• It introduced the system of capitalism

What is one pull factor that contributed to urbanization?

• economic opportunities in factories

• more land for farming

• religious persecution

• political unrest