Genetics Basic Vocabulary

What is a gene?

• A structure that carries genetic information

• A sequence of DNA that codes for a specific protein

• A form of a gene that controls a trait

• A characteristic determined by genes

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Where are chromosomes located?

• In the cell membrane

• In the cytoplasm

• On the chromosome

• In the nucleus

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What is an allele?

• A sequence of DNA

• A form of a gene that controls a particular trait

• A structure that carries genetic information

• A characteristic of a species

What is a phenotype?

• The genes responsible for a trait

• The effect caused by a set of genes

• A form of a gene

• A sequence of DNA

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

What does genotype refer to?

• The physical appearance of an organism

• The genes responsible for a specific trait

• A form of a gene

• A characteristic of a species

What is a dominant gene?

• A gene that is only present when the recessive gene is absent

• A gene that always shows itself if present

• A gene that controls a particular trait

• A gene that is identical in both alleles

When is a recessive gene expressed?

• When the dominant gene is present

• When the dominant gene is absent

• When both alleles are identical

• When both alleles are different

What does homozygous mean?

• Two alleles of a gene are different

• Two alleles of a gene are identical

• A gene that always shows itself

• A gene that is only present when the dominant gene is absent

What does heterozygous mean?

• Two alleles of a gene are identical

• Two alleles of a gene are different

• A gene that always shows itself

• A gene that is only present when the dominant gene is absent

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What is complete dominance?

• When two traits are expressed at the same time

• When phenotype falls between two alleles

• When the dominant allele completely masks the recessive

• When two alleles of a gene are identical