The video explores the evolution of political thought from absolutism to democracy, highlighting John Locke's influence and the Enlightenment's role in challenging the Old Regime. It discusses the rise of democratic principles, the impact of Enlightenment philosophers like Montesquieu, and the shift towards economic liberalism advocated by Adam Smith. The video also addresses the social inequalities of the time and the push for a more equal society.

What was a key idea introduced by John Locke regarding political power?

• Political power is legitimate only with the consent of the governed.

• The military should control the government.

• Power should be concentrated in the hands of a monarch.

• Governments should be based on divine right.

Which monarch is famously associated with the phrase 'I am the state'?

• Frederick the Great of Prussia

• William III of England

• Charles I of England

• Louis XIV of France

What characterized the economic system under the ancien régime?

• Socialism with communal ownership

• Mercantilism with state intervention

• Free market capitalism

• Feudalism with serfdom

What was a significant societal feature of the ancien régime?

• Abolition of all taxes

• Universal suffrage

• A rigid social hierarchy based on birth

• Equal representation for all social classes

Which Enlightenment thinker proposed the separation of powers?

• Montesquieu

• Voltaire

• John Locke

• Rousseau

What did Enlightenment philosophers advocate for in terms of government structure?

• A single ruler with absolute power

• A government based on a constitution

• A theocratic state

• A military dictatorship

What economic principle did Adam Smith support?

• Feudal economy

• Free market competition

• Mercantilism

• State-controlled economy

How did Enlightenment ideas influence modern governance?

• By encouraging isolationism

• By supporting democratic principles and individual freedoms

• By advocating for religious control over the state

• By promoting absolute monarchy

What was a key legacy of the Enlightenment in terms of social equality?

• Abolishing all forms of government

• Promoting equality before the law

• Establishing a caste system

• Maintaining the status quo of social classes

Which of the following was NOT a principle supported by Enlightenment thinkers?

• Freedom of expression

• Equality before the law

• Divine right of kings

• Separation of church and state